Parturients

Esketamine has rapid-onset antidepressant effects and may reduce postpartum depression in parturients with prenatal depressive symptoms. However, its adverse neuropsychiatric symptoms limits clinical application. Dexmedetomidine can alleviate these adverse symptoms and has independent antidepressant effect. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is designed to evaluate whether intranasal esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine can reduce the prevalence of postpartum depression in women with prenatal depressive symptoms.

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the impact of four different spinal anesthesia regimens on maternal satisfaction following cesarean delivery. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Primary outcome: Patient satisfaction with the provided analgesia during the first 24 hours postoperatively. * Secondary outcome: The need for rescue analgesics. Participants will complete a specially designed questionnaire 24 hours after cesarean delivery.