Patellar Dislocation

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for the treatment of recurrent patellar instability. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What are the risk factors for recurrent patellar instability after MPFL reconstruction? * What functional outcomes do patients report after MPFL reconstruction? Participants undergoing MPFL reconstruction will answer survey questions about their knee and activity level 1 year and 2 years after surgery.

This study involves patients between the ages of 16 and 25 and have been diagnosed with a first-time traumatic patellar dislocation within the past 3 months. McMaster University and the investigators are receiving compensation from the Arthroscopy Association of North America to cover the costs of conducting the study. Dislocations of the kneecap or patella is often treated without surgery, however up to 50% of patients will unfortunately experience recurrent instability of the patella. These episodes can cause damage to the bones and cartilage in the knee, which can result in long-term knee pain or weakness. Therefore, there is increasing interest to consider treating the knee with surgery right away in this population. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction compared to rest and physical rehabilitation on the rate of repeat patella dislocation, pain, and knee function for patients with their first patellar dislocation. The investigators will follow patients for at least one year after assigned treatment is started. Outcomes will be measured using surveys and checking medical records over the course of the study. The pilot will test this research study on a smaller scale before conducting a larger study. Patients will not be asked to attend additional visits outside of their typical follow-up schedule with their doctor. There will be 30 patients recruited in total for this pilot study. Not all patients diagnosed with a patellar dislocation will be eligible to participate. Participation will be required at 6 regularly scheduled appointments that patients would need to attend to see the surgeon (even if they were not in the trial), including the screening visit, surgery date (if randomized to that treatment), 2-week, 6-week, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits. Patients will be asked how they feel via various questionnaires and should take no longer than 15-20 minutes to complete the research forms at each visit. If patients agree to participate in this study, treatment will be determined by a process called randomization. Randomization means that the treatment the patient receives will be decided by chance like flipping a coin. Patients will have a 1-in-2 chance of receiving one of the following treatments:

This research study is designed to allow health care professionals and researchers to answer many questions about whether a new type of physical therapy called blood flow restriction training (called BFRT) will improve recovery for those with patellar instability.

Study to evaluate the conservative treatment of patients after their first episode of primary lateral patellar dislocation. Randomized controlled trial with 2 groups: standard treatment (2-weeks with brace) followed by physical therapy, compared with knee taping and physical therapy. 1-year follow-up. Measurements include physical exam, radiographs and MRI. Outcomes: recurrence, lateral patellar tilt, functional scores, apprehension, pain. Hypothesis: less recurrence in the knee taping group, as well as better functional scores.

The investigators intend to establish a national cohort including all persons in the ages from 15-20 years old with patellar instability (PI) or a prior knee injury (ACL-ruptur or meniscus damage) . The cohort will be nicknamed "The Faroese Knee Cohort". The overall aim is to investigate two groups. 1. The patella instability group, in which we intend to investigate the following. * Prevalence of patellar dislocation and trochlear dysplasia in the Faroe Islands. * Risk factors for patellar dislocations- * Heredity of trochlear dysplasia. * If there is a specific gene responsible for the development of trochlear dysplasia. * The development of retropatellar artrhosis, its onset and its impact on quality of life and function, 2. Knee injury group (ACL-ruptur or meniscus injury) * The prevalence of ACL-rupture and/or meniscus injury in this specific group in the Faroe Islands. * The impact on quality of life and function.