Perception

This study aims to understand whether informing laboring patients about how long they have been pushing during the second stage of labor affects the length of that stage and the overall childbirth experience. The second stage of labor is the period from when the cervix is fully dilated until the baby is delivered. When this stage lasts longer than expected, it can increase the chance of complications such as assisted delivery with vacuum or forceps, cesarean delivery, heavy bleeding after delivery, and certain neonatal complications. Although healthcare providers routinely track the duration of the second stage, patients are not always told how long they have been pushing. Some providers believe that sharing this information may help motivate patients and improve their sense of control, while others worry that it could increase stress or pressure. In this study, participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the intervention group, patients will receive regular updates about how long they have been pushing during the second stage of labor, and a visible timer will be used. In the comparison group, patients will receive standard care, which does not include structured time updates. All participants will receive the same medical care otherwise. The study will measure the length of the second stage of labor as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes such as the type of delivery, postpartum complications, newborn health indicators, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Participants will also be asked to complete a short questionnaire after delivery about their childbirth experience and sense of control during labor. The risks of this study are minimal because the intervention involves only providing information about time during labor. There are no changes to medical treatment or standard care. The information gained from this research may help clinicians improve communication with patients during labor and may identify simple ways to enhance patient experience and potentially improve labor outcomes. Participation in the study is voluntary, and patients may decline or withdraw at any time without affecting the care they receive.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of an intervention-consisting of a Health Belief Model-based educational session on the importance of early diagnosis and cancer screening, along with SMS-supported reminders-on the perceptions and attitudes toward cancer screening among women aged 30-70 who do not undergo regular screenings. The study will be conducted in two family centers, which will be assigned to intervention and control groups using a lottery method. The intervention group will receive a single-session group education, followed by weekly SMS reminders encouraging screening for two weeks. The control group will receive no additional intervention and will continue with standard care. Data will be collected simultaneously from both groups at three points: before the education, immediately after the education, and one month post-intervention.

To learn about how patients view a doctor's compassion, communication skills, and professionalism based on whether the doctor uses the Electronic Health Record (EHR) during a visit with a patient.