Performance Enhancement

The existing literature demonstrates that motor learning strategies are effective in enhancing sports performance. One of these strategies, augmented feedback, is widely used in athletic training to help athletes achieve their goals more effectively, support the learning process, and motivate improvements in performance. Although studies in the literature have demonstrated the positive effects of augmented feedback provided during training on performance, no study has been found that examines the acute effects of such feedback on peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of outcome feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, as well as the short-term retention of these effects. It is expected that augmented feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development, provided during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, will have both acute and short-term retention effects on strength parameters. Healthy and physically active individuals will participate in isometric strength training targeting the dominant side shoulder internal and external rotator muscles across two separate sessions. Within a randomized crossover design, all participants will perform the isometric training program under two different conditions: with augmented feedback and without augmented feedback. The order of the conditions will be determined using a computer-based randomization program.To minimize potential learning effects, a washout period of 5-7 days will be provided between the two training conditions. Testing and training protocols will be conducted using an isometric dynamometer (ForceFrame, VALD Performance, Australia). The reported intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the ForceFrame dynamometer for shoulder strength measurements range between 0.85 and 0.91, indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. All testing and training procedures will be performed in accordance with the standard testing positions recommended by the manufacturer.

Creatine has been widely studies within the strength and conditioning background and has been seen to show positive effects on performance assess the effects of creatine on sports requiring a range of different fitness components to be successful such as football. Previous research has suggested benefits of creatine supplementation such as increasing PCr (phosphocreatine) stores to aid ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production, increasing muscle water retention resulting in enhanced protein synthesis, reduced muscle damage and anti-inflammation. Identifying supplements that are scientifically proved to aid performance can help optimise training and develop physical ability of athletes to enhance performance.