Perioperative Pain Management

To assess the effect of intraoperative transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks on the amount of opioid pain medications expressed as morphine milliequivalents (MME) used postoperatively in patients who have undergone cesarean delivery (CD) in the setting of complex obstetric surgery (COS).

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if intraoperative music stimulation works to alleviate perioperative pain in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. It will also learn about the possible mechanisms by how music affects pain. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does music lower the number of times participants need to use a rescue analgesic? What changes occur in electroencephalogram (EEG) and nociception monitors when participants listen to music? Researchers will compare music to mute or control (hear ambient sounds without earphones) to see if music works to alleviate perioperative pain. Participants will listen music or mute or ambient sounds throughout the operation, and receive routine anesthesia care.