Pneumococcal Infections

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to learn if text message reminders sent through WhatsApp increase pneumococcal vaccination coverage in adults turning 65 years old in Chile. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do text message reminders increase the proportion of adults aged 65 years who receive the pneumococcal vaccine compared to usual care? Do text message reminders increase pneumococcal vaccination coverage within the first 7 days after the message is sent? Is there an association between socioeconomic factors and pneumococcal vaccination coverage in adults aged 65 years in Chile? Researchers will compare adults who receive a text message reminder to adults who receive no reminder (usual care) to see if the reminders increase vaccination uptake. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to receive a WhatsApp text message reminder about the pneumococcal vaccine or to receive no reminder Receive a second reminder on day 14 if they have not yet been vaccinated (intervention group only) Be followed for 6 weeks, with vaccination status checked at days 7, 21, and 42 from the start of the intervention

This clinical study will enroll 100 participants from the 2-month-old (minimum 6 weeks) group who previously participated in the Phase III clinical trial of the 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (CRM197, TT vector) (Protocol No.: CS-CTP-PCV), with 50 participants in each of the treatment and control groups, and who have completed blood sample collection for the 1-year and 2-year immunogenicity studies. All participants will have 3.0-3.5 mL of venous blood collected for the immunogenicity study.

After 7 then 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) implementation in France in children, we will evaluate the impact of this vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We will describe the clinical characteristics of IPD, pneumococcus serotyping, underlying conditions and vaccination status.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for serious infections associated to numerous hospitalizations and high rate of mortality. The incidence and therefore the burden of pneumococcal infections have been significantly reduced thanks to the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). PCVs were shown to be effective against vaccine-type serotypes causing both non-invasive and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in children and adults. PCVs use in children was shown to have an impact on IPD incidence among adults due to herd immunity and on antimicrobial resistance. To increase the protection of at-risk patients against IPD, the 20-valent PCV (PCV-20) is recently recommended in adults, after a period where PCV-13 followed by pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 valent (PPV-23) was recommended. PCV-20 effectiveness against IPD and against pneumonia was inferred from immunobridging with PCV-13. Indeed PCV-13 was shown effective to reduce the incidence of low respiratory tract infections and IPD (bacteraemia and meningitis) in 65-years-old-adults and older. Currently immunization against S. pneumoniae is recommended with PCV-20 for adult patients at-risk for IPD such as immunocompromised (=high-risk patients) and in immunocompetent people with underlying chronic conditions (cardiovascular, liver, pulmonary, kidney diseases and diabetes mellitus) (=medium risk patients). However, vaccine coverage against IPD in adults remains low globally, and does not exceed 5 % in France. Reducing missed opportunities of vaccination for S. pneumoniae is crucial.

This is a Phase 3 randomized, observation-blinded, active-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial designed to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and functional antibody response of the experimental vaccine versus the control vaccine in healthy Thailand infants vaccinated at a 2+1 schedule (2 months, 4 months and 12-15 months). The trial will enroll approximately 600 healthy infants aged 2 months (at least 6 weeks) who will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the experimental or control vaccine, with 100 in each group (200 in total) randomized to subgroups and subject to additional immunogenicity assessments. All participants will be evaluated for solicited adverse events for 7 days and unsolicited adverse events for 30 days post each vaccination. Immunogenicity evaluation will be performed in all participants at baseline and post the booster dose, while the sub-cohort participants will be evaluated for post primary series immunogenicity additionally.

The NoseSpn-Elderly study aims at characterizing the immune response in the upper respiratory tract in adults aged 60 and over diagnosed with a pneumonia due to a Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) infection. The immune response during the acute phase of the infection and after recovery will be compared to the immune response of asymptomatic Spn carriers as well as to the immune response of patients diagnosed with a viral respiratory infection (flu or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)). The primary objective of this observational study is to quantify the inflammatory response in the nasal cavity and to correlate it with bacterial/viral load and with clinical parameters. The study also aims to compare the inflammatory response measured in the nose to that measured in the blood. Participants will have two study visits including a blood draw, several nasal samplings (nasal lining fluid and nasal cells) and a saliva sampling, one within 72 hours of their hospital admission and another one month later. Nasal lining fluid and saliva will be obtained every two or three days until discharge from the hospital or resolution of symptoms. During those visits, questions regarding symptoms will be asked.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Minhai's 13-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13-DT/TT) as compared to Pfizer's 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) when co-administered with Hexavalent Vaccines at 2,4, and 12-15 months of age, to healthy infants in Indonesia. This study aims to demonstrate the non-inferiority of the serotype-specific immune responses elicited by the novel PCV13-DT/TT (Pneuminvac) as compared to PCV13(Prevenar 13) one month after the booster dose, and evaluate the safety of PCV13 co-administrated with Hexavalent Vaccine(Hexaxim).

The goal of this cluster-randomized trial is to study the effect of Audit and Feedback loops on pneumococcal vaccination coverage rate in adults at risk in general practice. The main questions it aims to answer are: * To assess the effect of "clinical AUDIT and feedback" loops on the pneumococcal vaccination coverage rate in adults at risk in general practice. * To explore whether the increase in vaccination coverage rate after implementation of Audit and Feedback loops is different in specific subgroups (risk groups, male/female, age, smoking status). Every general practice center assigned to the control or intervention group will have access to a clinical AUDIT to identify patients that may benefit from a pneumococcal vaccination. The general practice centers in the intervention group will also receive an individualized extended electronic feedback report, with multiple components like benchmarked performances and action plans, at baseline and each 2 months from baseline onwards.

MENPI is an investigator-initiated single-centre randomized controlled trial which aims to assess the efficacy and safety of meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccination in adults living with HIV receiving antiretroviral treatment. Participants are randomized 1:1 to either a two-dose Menveo® and Bexsero® regimen or a Prevenar13®/Pneumovax23® prime-boost regimen at day 0 and day 60 and cross over on day 90. All participants will follow an identical follow up program including plasma collection, pharyngeal swab, and adverse event registration. Immunogenicity will be determined on venous blood sampled at 30 days post-vaccination and yearly for five years.