Poor Erythroid Engraftment

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective therapy for hematological malignancies. Nonetheless, poor graft function remains a life-threatening complication after allo-HSCT. Poor erythroid engraftment is associated with increased bleeding events and shorter survival. Current treatment methods such as epoetin or repeated red-cell transfusions are not effective for poor erythroid engraftment, with limited and transient responses. Retrospective studies suggested that luspatercept showed efficacy in patients with anemia post-transplantation or poor erythroid engraftment. However, there are no studies comparing luspatercept versus epoetin for the treatment of poor erythroid engraftment. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled study to compared the effect of luspatercept versus epoetin in treating poor erythroid engraftment for hematological malignancies.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an important treatment for hematological malignancies. Poor erythroid engraftment after transplantation is a serious complication, especially in patients with moderate to severe myelofibrosis (MF). Currently, there is a lack of effective prevention strategies for poor erythroid engraftment after transplantation. Luspatercept, a novel TGF-β superfamily signaling pathway modulator, has shown potential in small-sample studies for the treatment and prevention of post-transplant anemia. Given the high proportion and poor prognosis of poor engraftment function in hematological malignancies with moderate to severe myelofibrosis after transplantation, we plan to conduct a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study to explore the efficacy and safety of luspatercept in preventing poor erythroid engraftment after allo-HSCT in hematological malignancies with moderate to severe myelofibrosis.