Prenatal Stress

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of mindfulness practices integrated into childbirth preparation education on fear of childbirth, prenatal stress, and childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant women.Participants will be randomly assigned either to the childbirth education group with mindfulness practices or to the standard childbirth education/control group. Results will be evaluated using the prenatal self-assessment childbirth fear subscale, the perceived stress scale before childbirth, and the self-efficacy scale during labor before and after intervention.This study aims to provide evidence on whether mindfulness practices in childbirth preparation classes affect pregnant women's fear of childbirth, prenatal stress, and childbirth self-efficacy.

This study will be conducted as a single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled intervention trial to determine the effects of birth preparation training supported by laughter yoga on the perception of traumatic birth, fear of birth, prenatal depression, and attachment in primiparous women. The research population will consist of pregnant women who attend the Pregnancy Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Cebeci Medical Faculty, Ankara University. The study will involve two groups: the first group will receive birth preparation training supported by laughter yoga, while the second group will receive standard birth preparation training. A total of 68 pregnant women, 34 in each group, are planned to participate in the study. Data will be collected using the Introductory Information Form, Traumatic Birth Perception Scale, Prenatal Self-Assessment Scale Fear of Birth Subscale, Edinburgh Depression Scale, and Prenatal Attachment Inventory. These instruments will be administered to the participants three times: before the training, immediately after the training, and one month later. The research data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values) will be used for data analysis. Independent samples t-test will be employed for comparisons between two independent groups, paired samples t-test will be used for repeated measures, one-way ANOVA will be used for comparisons among more than two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis will be applied for the relationship between two quantitative variables. When data do not follow a normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney U test will be used for comparisons between two independent groups, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test will be used for repeated measures, the Kruskal-Wallis test will be used for comparisons among more than two groups, and Spearman correlation analysis will be used for the relationship between two quantitative variables. The reliability of the scales used in the study will be determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Statistical significance will be set at p \< 0.05.