Procedural Sedation

This randomized clinical trial will evaluate whether music delivered through closed-back headphones during intravenous propofol sedation affects dreaming and the overall sedation experience. Adults scheduled for elective procedures under spinal anesthesia or peripheral nerve block with propofol sedation will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: patient-selected preferred music, matched non-preferred music, or silence with identical headphones. The main purpose of the study is to determine whether listening to music increases the occurrence of dream recall compared with silence, and whether personally preferred music makes recalled dreams more pleasant than matched non-preferred music. Dream recall and dream pleasantness will be assessed after recovery using a standardized interview. The study will also evaluate dream content, patient satisfaction, sedative and opioid requirements, hemodynamic variability, postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, recovery time, and adverse events. This study is intended to determine whether a simple, low-cost headphone-based music intervention can improve patient-centered quality of propofol sedation without compromising safety.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn what is the best anesthetic management in participants with severe stroke that require a medical intervention called mechanical thrombectomy (MT) done to open the occluded brain vessel. The main question it aims to answer is: • Is general anesthesia (GA) better than procedural sedation (PS) for improving functional performance and decrease dependance in daily life 3 months after stroke? GA (a non-arousable state induced by anesthetic medications that require respiratory assistance) or PS (a state of reduced arousal induced by lesser dose of anesthetic medications that do not require respiratory assistance) are both used for MT. GA enables strict immobility that could facilitate the conduct of MT but lessen blood pressure and blood flow in the brain. PS provides less drop in blood pressure but MT could be more difficult due to possible movement and breathing may be decreased. Researchers will compare GA with PS to see which one is better for MT success and for the functional consequences of stroke. Participants will be treated with GA or PS for the intervention of MT and will be followed by researchers during their hospital stay and asked by a telephone interview how is their functional status 3 months after stroke.

This randomized, single-blind, crossover study compares remimazolam and propofol for monitored anesthetic care during fractional ablative CO₂ laser therapy for burn scars. The primary aim is to assess incidence of respiratory depression, defined as a need for advanced airway maneuvers (jaw thrust/chin lift, insertion of oral or nasal airway, or bag mask ventilation), and hypopnea (respiratory rate \< 8).