Rectal Prolapse

Currently a multiport robotic surgery platform (Intuitive Xi) is widely available and used for colorectal surgery indications. A Single port platform (Intuitive SP) is FDA approved for Head and Neck and Urology but has not been widely used in colorectal surgery. This study seeks to evaluate the safe and effective use of the SP platform for colorectal surgery indications.

Robotic assisted surgery has been performed for more than two decades with good success and safety profile. However, there was only one dominating robotic surgical system available in the past which led to high cost for robotic surgery. Recently, a new robotic surgical system (Sentire Robotic Surgical System) was introduced by researchers of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). This new robotic surgical system aims to achieve similar outcomes and standards of robotic surgery performed using the dominating system but with a significantly lower cost. The technologic innovation and development of this new robotic system is made by the Cornerstone Robotics Limited, which is based in Hong Kong. In a pilot clinical study conducted at Prince of Wales Hospital involving 55 patients, the Sentire Robotic Surgical System had demonstrated high success rate with minimal complications in patients who underwent robotic colorectal, upper gastrointestinal, and urologic surgery. Researchers of CUHK would therefore like to conduct another prospective study to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sentire Surgical System C1000 in major gastrointestinal and urologic surgery with expanded indications. It is believed that the results of this study will provide data to support its use for wide range of procedures with minimal access trauma, for the benefit of patients. This system will also lead to a wider range of clinical application for minimally invasive surgery with a cost-effective model.

Rectal prolapse is a protrusion of rectal wall through the anus. A surgical technique called Ventral mesh rectopexy has become a standard procedure for this condition in many centers. The goal of this trial is to investigate functional outcome, recurrence rates and complications after ventral mesh rectopexy. The main question it aims to answer is: \- Do bowel function, quality of life and sexual function improve after Ventral mesh rectopexy? Participants will: * be asked to fill in questionaires before surgery, 3-6 months after surgery and 12 months after surgery. * be examined by a surgeon 3-6 months, 12 months and 3 years after surgery.

Cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy (CAES) is a new interventional therapy for internal hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse under colonoscopy. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of CAES in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse are still not clear due to the lack of large sample studies. Therefore, a nationwide multi-center, large sample, prospective and cohort study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAES in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse, to provide reliable evidence for popularization of this minimally invasive technology.

The goal of this multicenter observational study is to collect data prospectively of patients with pelvic organ prolapse undergoing ventral mesh rectopexy (as well as rectoceles, entero-/sigmoidoceles/ intussusception/ rectal prolapse or combined) by laparoscopy or robotic surgery and to evaluate the longterm functional outcomes. Secondly complications (mesh erosions, recurrence, reoperations) are evaluated. Following main questions will be analysed - other can follow in consultation with the collaborative 1. Is VMR the technique of choice for treatment of rectoceles? Functional results - recurrence - mesh related complications 2. Has a perineal descent an impact on the functional outcome of ventral mesh rectopexy perfored for external rectal prolaps, internal rectal prolaps, rectocele, enterocele, sigmoidcele or combined pelvic organ prolapse?