Registry

The goal of this interrupted time-series analysis is to evaluate the impact of the de-implementation of urine dipsticks as a diagnostic tool for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in hospitalized patients in the North Denmark Region. The main question it aims to answer is: How does de-implementation of urine dipsticks affect the diagnosis and management of UTIs and related disorders? Specifically, does it change the following parameters: * Number and severity of UTI infections (lower and upper UTI, non-severe and severe) * Antibiotic prescription (overall, antibiotic classes, administration routes, duration, dosages) * Number of urine cultures and number of positive urine cultures * Risks of admission to intensive care units and 30-day mortality * Risk of drug toxicity * Length of hospital stay * Risk of admission to intensive care unit * 30-day risk of readmission after discharge * 6-month risks of Clostridioides difficile enterocolitis and de novo antimicrobial resistance in cultures obtained during routine clinical care. Researchers hypothesize that de-implementing urine dipsticks will lead to a reduced frequency of diagnosed cystitis, reduced antibiotic use, and fewer urine cultures without negatively affecting patient mortality or readmission risk. Researchers will compare the outcomes before and after the discontinuation of urine dipsticks across hospitals in the North Denmark Region. Furthermore, results will be compared to another Danish administrative healthcare region where dipsticks are still in use as well as urine culture data from the primary sector in the North Denmark Region. Since this is a registry-based observational study utilizing data from the electronic patient record system in the North Denmark Region, no direct contact will be made with participants.

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a major global health issue. Untreated rheumatic heart disease persists in many regions, preventable with timely care. Higher-income countries face rising calcific valve disease from aging, worsened by VHD complications, like infective endocarditis, resulting in higher morbidity/mortality. Gender disparities in VHD remains understudied, despite inequalities in risks, diagnosis, and treatment. Prevalence varies by gender, but uneven diagnostics and therapies obscure realities. This registry will examine gender disparities from hospital admission to first outpatient follow-up, recruiting both men and women to investigate and report the study objectives.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a life-long condition where the immune system destroys part of the body (the pancreas) which makes the chemical, insulin. Insulin is needed to control blood sugar levels. Treatment involves life-long insulin replacement by injection or insulin pump. Previous research has shown that the development of T1D occurs through different stages. This starts with a phase where there are no symptoms, which can last months or years, before symptoms of T1D develop and a person becomes unwell. The risk of developing T1D increases with presence of markers in the blood called islet autoantibodies. The risk of developing T1D increases with presence of markers in the blood called islet autoantibodies (IAb). Children with two or more IAb have an 80-90% chance of developing T1D within 15 years. It is almost certain that they will develop the condition in their lifetime. Children with only one IAb have a much lower risk of developing T1D (around 15%). Less is understood about the natural history of being IAb positive in adults, and the investigators hope this study will help them understand more. The aim of the research is to understand what it is like to live with being at risk of T1D, what information and support people need, and whether they use NHS services more than others, for example due to being anxious about developing T1D. The investigators will work with the public and patient involvement group using information from the research and, with the charity Diabetes UK, to create a policy statement about the type of care that is needed to support these individuals. To be able to do this research, tbhe investigators need first to recruit these rare individuals into one single registry of children, young people and adults who have islet autoantibodies in their blood. This will also allow the invetigators to collect data from individuals in the registry to compare this to data from other countries, to help understand why people progress from being islet autoantibody positive to requiring insulin in the UK. People entering the registry will also be told if a drug is licensed in the UK to help delay T1D onset. Participants can also consent to be contacted about any research studies, which are testing drugs or interventions to prevent or delay the start of T1D.

The goal of this observational study is to better understand how chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) progresses and how patients are treated and cared for. The study focuses on three main questions: 1. What are the characteristics of patients with CSDH when they are diagnosed? 2. What treatments do patients with CSDH receive? 3. What are the outcomes for patients with CSDH, including their functional ability, cognitive health, and neurological status? Participants will receive their usual standard treatment. As part of the study, they will complete a brief telephone interview three months after their treatment.