SARS-CoV-2 Virus

The primary objective of this effort will be to optimize and operationalize innovative passive surveillance systems and in parallel, the effort will identify, evaluate, and transition groundbreaking new technologies in diagnostics for operationalization. To meet the objective and execute the deliverables for this program of effort, the A\&M Breathalyzer PROTECT Kiosk will be tested, modified and validated at Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC). The collaborative efforts between the PI, Dr. Michael Morris at BAMC and Co-Investigator Dr. Tony Yuan at USU- Center for Biotechnology (4D Bio3) will assess the passive detection technology and provide a capability survey of use-case scenarios for different operational settings. Goals: 1. Optimization and operationalize the A\&M Breathalyzer PROTECT Kiosk, portable mass spectrometer (MS) Detector for Deployment in Military Operational Medicine Environments. The Breathalyzer will be deployed to BAMC to test its detection capabilities of COVID-19 among symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 carrier vs. those not infected compared to gold standard RT-PCR. 2. Evaluate the passive sensing, breath capture system, built within the A\&M Breathalyzer PROTECT Kiosk. The conversion of the active breath capture system, currently requires a straw that the subject breaths into, where then a series of sensors built in the Breathalyzer would automatically sample the exhaled breath within proximity for recent COVID-19 exposure. This task would conclude with a set of sensors and sensor inputs that would be analyzed by the Atomic AI platform built in the device. Field testing at BAMC is planned to determine the level of detection and discrimination for sensor combinations to SARS-CoV2 components and biomarkers detected. This testing would update the Atomic AI algorithm, within the device, to understand the accuracy of positive detection and the resulting sensitivities.

The principal aim of the COMMUNITY study is to investigate immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination in healthcare workers and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study aims to enroll a total of 5,000 healthcare workers and 500 COVID-19 patients. All participants are enrolled at Danderyd Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants will be followed every four months with blood and mucosal sampling in addition to demographic and clinical data provided by the participants and from national registries. Primary outcome: \- Antibody responses in blood and mucosa following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination Secondary outcomes: * Cellular immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination * Antibody responses in blood and mucosa following following Influenza A/B infection and/or vaccination * Antibody responses in blood and mucosa following following RSV A/B infection Blood and mucosal samples are collected every 4 months and at tighter intervals in sub studies. PCR testing is conducted upon symptoms of respiratory infections and with regular intervals regardless of symptomatology in sub studies. Participants provide detailed demographic and clinical data through a smart phone application-based questionnaire. Data on infection and vaccination history is collected from national registries