Smartphone Addiction

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of smartphone addiction on postural problems and breathing control in healthy university students. Excessive smartphone use has been associated with forward head posture, thoracic postural changes, and musculoskeletal complaints. These postural alterations may negatively influence respiratory biomechanics and breathing control. However, the relationship between smartphone addiction, postural deterioration, and dysfunctional breathing symptoms has not been comprehensively investigated. Participants will complete questionnaires assessing smartphone addiction and breathing control, and posture will be evaluated using the New York Posture Rating Chart. Binary logistic regression analysis will be performed to determine whether smartphone addiction independently predicts postural problems. Additionally, multiple linear regression analyses will be conducted to examine the association between smartphone addiction, posture, and breathing control.

This observational cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between daily smartphone usage duration and hand function parameters in young adults. Specifically, the study will examine the association between smartphone screen time and dominant hand grip strength, thumb strength, and wrist and thumb proprioception. Healthy individuals aged 18-35 years will be included. All participants will undergo a single-session assessment including measurement of smartphone usage duration, hand grip strength, pinch strength, and joint position sense of the wrist and thumb. The findings are expected to provide insight into the potential effects of prolonged smartphone use on hand function and proprioceptive performance in young adults.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if cognitive behavioral approach works to treat tension type headache in smartphone addiction in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is there an effect of adding cognitive behavior approach to physical therapy (manual therapy, corrective exercise therapy) on pain pressure threshold, forward head posture and headache intensity in smartphone addiction patients with tension-type headache? Researchers will compare adding cognitive behavior approach to physical therapy (manual therapy, corrective exercise therapy) to see if cognitive behavior approach works to treat tension type headache in smartphone addiction than physical therapy alone. Participants will: All participants will receive twelve treatment sessions (twice per week) in a 6 weeks period with a rest period of 48 to 72 hour between them.

This study will develop and evaluate a smartphone-based behavioral intervention for adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and smartphone overuse in Hong Kong. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Can a smartphone-based intervention lower self-reported smartphone dependence and objective smartphone usage? * Can a smartphone-based intervention lower parent-rated and self-rated ADHD symptoms? * Are there differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) in the smartphone salient vs smartphone non-salient conditions after intervention? Adolescent participants will: * report weekly smartphone use patterns based on app screencap for 12 weeks * complete online surveys on smartphone dependency and ADHD symptoms for 3 times * receive 10-minute EEG recordings to gather resting-state EEG data in a natural and relaxing state for 3 times Parent participants will: * provide a valid clinical report to confirm the adolescent's diagnosis of ADHD * complete online surveys to report on the adolescent's smartphone usage and ADHD symptoms for 3 times

This study will aim to assess the effects of smartphone addiction on thumb muscle biomechanics and sensory sensitivity among university students. The research will investigate whether excessive smartphone use leads to significant differences in muscle tone, stiffness, elasticity, and sensory discrimination capabilities.

This cross-sectional observational study investigates how smartphone addiction affects neck pain severity, pressure pain threshold, and mechanical properties of cervical muscles in healthy young adults. Two groups-those with and without smartphone addiction-are compared based on validated addiction scales and objective muscle assessments using MyotonPRO and algometry.

Smartphones have become an indispensable part of daily life, and their increasing use has raised concerns about various health effects, including musculoskeletal symptoms. Repetitive movements of the thumb and hand muscles can lead to issues such as tendinosis, myofascial pain syndrome, and a decrease in pinch strength. Studies have shown that musculoskeletal symptoms related to smartphone use are common among young adults and university students. Additionally, an increase in device size may place greater strain on the wrist and finger muscles. Repetitive movements can cause stiffness changes in the thumb muscles, and the relationship between these changes and pinch strength is considered an important research topic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of smartphone addiction on pinch strength, muscle stiffness, hand/wrist pain, and function in young adults.

The Digital Detox study is designed as a randomized controlled trial (two unblinded parallel groups) to examine the effects of reducing smartphone screentime on mental health. After giving informed consent, participants will be screened for eligibility. Inclusion criteria are adult subjects (greater-equal 18 years) using their smartphone daily for 3 hours or more, with sufficient German skills and no ongoing psychotherapy, psychological or psychopharmacological treatment. For eligibility screening, participants have to upload a screenshot of their smartphone screen time of the last week, have to state about mental health disorders (self-report) and their sociodemographic variables (age, gender, country of residence, education and professional status, urban/rural nature of place of residence), and have to fill out the following questionnaires: depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), well-being (WHO-5), sleep quality (ISI), stress (PSQ-20), loneliness (three-item loneliness scale), physical activity, and smartphone usage behavior. If the inclusion criteria are met, participants will be randomized to the intervention or control group. The intervention consists of a three-week screen time reduction to a maximum of 2 hours per day for 3 consecutive weeks. The control group continues to use their smartphones as usual during this time. At the beginning of the study (=baseline T0), all participants will complete the following primary outcome measures (depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), well-being (WHO-5), sleep quality (ISI), stress (PSQ-20)) and secondary outcome measures (loneliness (three-item loneliness scale), craving (CEQ-F), physical activity). Both groups will also complete items on loneliness and physical activity twice during the intervention (after the first and second week of the intervention) to monitor changes in these variables during the intervention. After the three weeks of intervention (post-intervention T1), both groups will again fill out the the same outcome measures as for T0. After the 3-week intervention, there are no further restrictions regarding the participants' smartphone screen time. Follow-up (T2) will be after 3 more weeks and the same outcome measures as for T0 and T1 will be collected. The weekly smartphone screen time is assessed via self-reporting and screenshot upload. Information is also provided on the weekly activations of the smartphone and a screenshot is uploaded of the most frequently used apps. All data is collected weekly for the previous week. The study will be performed entirely via a smartphone app (ESMIra), which is designed especially to run longitudinal studies. Primary hypotheses: * H1: Reducing smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks leads to a difference in the depressive symptoms of the intervention participants before and after participating in the intervention. * H2: Reducing smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks leads to a difference in the the sleep quality of the intervention participants before and after participating in the intervention. * H3: Reducing smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks leads to a difference in perceived stress of the intervention participants before and after participating in the intervention. * H4: Reducing smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks leads to a difference in the well-being of the intervention participants before and after participating in the intervention. * H5: The reduction in smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks led to a difference in depressive symptoms between the control and intervention groups at the post-intervention time point. * H6: The reduction in smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks led to a difference in sleep quality between the control and intervention groups at the post-intervention time point. * H7: The reduction in smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks led to a difference in perceived stress between the control and intervention groups at the post-intervention time point. * H8: The reduction in smartphone use to a maximum of 2 hours/day over 3 weeks led to a difference in well-being between the control and intervention groups at the post-intervention time point.

The aim of this observational study was to examine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Smartphone Addiction, Stress and Quality of Life in Nursing Students. The main question it aims to answer is: Is there a significant relationship between smartphone addiction, quality of life and stress in nursing students? Smartphone addiction scale will be applied and students with risky scores will be determined and pre-test will be applied to the students in the experimental group according to randomization. During an 8-week intervention period, in addition to mindfulness practices and experiential studies, experiential practices will be carried out on stress, stress management and how mindfulness is applied in daily life and interpersonal communication through the sharing of the participants.

To investigate the prevelance of the de quervain tenosynovitis among the Egyptian medical students with smartphone addiction