Stress Ball

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the effects of three different interventions-breastfeeding, using a stress ball, or wearing virtual reality (VR) goggles-on pain, anxiety, and stress during episiotomy repair (stitching) after childbirth. It also aims to examine how these methods affect a mother's comfort after the procedure. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does breastfeeding, using a stress ball, or using VR goggles lower the mother's pain and anxiety during the repair? Do these interventions reduce the mother's biological stress levels, measured by saliva cortisol tests? Do these methods lead to higher postpartum comfort levels for the mother in the first 24 hours after birth? Researcher will compare these three intervention groups to a "control group" (mothers receiving standard hospital care) to see which approach is most effective. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to one of four groups: Breastfeeding, VR Goggles, Stress Ball, or Standard Care. Use their assigned intervention throughout the entire episiotomy repair process. Provide saliva samples before and after the procedure to measure stress hormones (cortisol). Rate their pain and anxiety levels using clinical scales twice: once before the procedure begins and once immediately after it is finished. Complete a survey about their comfort levels between 6 and 24 hours after the delivery.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stress ball use during cataract surgery on patients' pain, fear, and satisfaction levels.

Hematology patients go through many difficult periods during the diagnosis process. One of the most commonly used methods in the diagnosis of hematological diseases is bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (BMAB). BMAB is an invasive procedure and may cause pain in patients. For this purpose, a local anesthetic agent is used during the procedure. However, no effective method has been developed to prevent pain in patients. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to manage pain. Among non-pharmacological methods, cognitive distraction techniques such as feigned coughing and stress balls are used to reduce pain and stress. Some studies have reported that "fake coughing" reduces pain during procedures that cause temporary, sharp pain, such as parenteral injections or venipuncture. A literature review revealed that patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy experience intense stress and pain, but there are insufficient studies examining these concepts. This study is expected to contribute to the nursing literature. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of fake coughing and stress ball application on pain during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.