Supraglottic Airways

This study aims to compare the gastric volumes of pediatric patients undergoing positive-pressure ventilation with different airway management techniques. Gastric ultrasound is a non-invasive bedside tool with high sensitivity and specificity for determining the nature and amount of gastric content. In pediatric cases, maintaining a gastric volume below 1.25 mL/kg is associated with a lower risk of perioperative aspiration. Although supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are commonly used as alternatives to endotracheal tubes, concerns regarding the potential for gastric insufflation and subsequent aspiration persist. Second-generation SADs were specifically designed with gastric drainage channels to mitigate the risk of regurgitation compared to first-generation devices. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in gastric volumes, as measured by ultrasound, among three groups of pediatric patients: those managed with endotracheal tubes, first-generation SADs, and second-generation SADs. By comparing these measurements post-ventilation, the investigators aim to evaluate the impact of the airway device choice on gastric volume under clinical conditions.

This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study aims to evaluate the insertion success of two supraglottic airway devices, the classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) and the I-gel, in different head and neck positions in elderly patients undergoing elective urological surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 120 patients aged over 75 years with ASA physical status I-III will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: standard position with I-gel, right lateral rotation with I-gel, standard position with classic LMA, and right lateral rotation with classic LMA. The study will compare insertion time, ease and success of placement, number of attempts, hemodynamic responses, oropharyngeal leak pressures, fiberoptic scores, and airway-related complications. The findings aim to provide clinical guidance on the optimal use of supraglottic airway devices in geriatric patients in various head positions.