Surgical Blood Loss

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the administration of tranexamic acid can reduce the necessity of blood transfusions in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. . It will also inform about safety of tranexamic acid in this setting. The main question it aims to answer is: Does tranexamic acid lower the probability of receiving at least one blood transfusion during or after surgery? Participants will compare tranexamic acid o a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if tranexamic acid works to reduce the necessity of a blood transfusion.

This randomized controlled trial compares periarticular vasoconstrictor infiltration (PVI) versus erector spinae plane block (ESP) to reduce bleeding and postoperative pain in adults undergoing lumbar fusion surgery (up to 3 levels). Patients are randomly assigned 1:1 to receive ultrasound-guided ropivacaine 0.2% + epinephrine 1:200,000: PVI (150-200mL bilateral in retrolaminar, thoracolumbar fascia, supraspinous ligament, subcutaneous planes) or ESP (20mL/side at transverse processes). Both groups receive standardized general anesthesia (TIVA), multimodal analgesia (dexamethasone, paracetamol, dexketoprofen/metamizole, ketamine, magnesium), and tranexamic acid. Multicenter study: Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona, 32 patients) and Hospital Quirón Salud Murcia (30 patients). Primary outcome: intraoperative blood loss (surgical aspirate minus irrigation + gravimetric gauze weight). Secondary outcomes: Fromme surgical field scale, pain (NRS at REA discharge/24h/48h), opioid consumption (morphine equivalents), PONV/antiemetic use, drain output, hospital stay, patient satisfaction. N=62 patients (31/arm). Blinded outcome assessment.

Pancreatic enucleation could preserve more healthy pancreatic tissues and functions with a low recurrence risk. However, conventional enucleation can cause significant intraoperative bleeding, especially in which tumors in the pancreatic head, neck, and uncinate process of pancreas, as these tissues are rich in blood supply, mainly including the abdominal trunk and the superior mesenteric artery. In this study, we developed a novel method to control the pancreatic blood flow in laparoscopic enucleation--blocking the abdominal trunk and superior mesenteric artery with vascular occlusion clips in the process of resection, and evaluated its effectiveness and safety.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the usability of the Haermonics Pure system in patients undergoing a cardiac surgery procedure with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. All measurements and interventions are standard of care, except pericardial flushing with the Haermonics Pure system.

The goal of this clinical trial is to establish the feasibility of conducting a large trial to determine the optimal timing of intravenous tranexamic acid administration in cardiac surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is it feasible to conduct a larger definitive trial? * Can we measure the systemic tranexamic acid concentration and fibrinolytic potential in the blood samples? Researchers will compare intravenous tranexamic acid administered before cardiopulmonary bypass versus after cardiopulmonary bypass to see if the systemic tranexamic acid concentration and fibrinolytic potential are similar or better. Participants will: * Provide written informed consent * Receive tranexamic acid during surgery * Provide blood samples at 5 time points: before surgery, on arrival in intensive care unit, 3 hours after arrival, 6 hours after arrival, and on the next morning.

The research team proposes a prospective, observational study to better understand how TEG can be useful in guiding clinical practice in the Main OR for subject's undergoing high transfusion risk surgeries. Intraoperatively, transfusion of blood products is frequently required to restore oxygen carrying capacity, perfusion and improve coagulation. Both under and over transfusion pose significant risks, particularly to pediatric patients with small starting intravascular volumes. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a validated method of dynamically assessing intraoperative coagulopathy via functional assay. However, while FDA approved and widely used in the adult setting, TEG is not commonly utilized in the setting of bleeding pediatric patients. Recently, TEG has been made available at BCH for clinical purposes and is being used solely in the cardiac surgery setting. The investigators aim to provide TEG data for non-cardiac pediatric surgical cases with a high risk of intraoperative blood loss in order to assess the impact of this tool on intraoperative management.