Temporomandibular Disorders

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions associated with chronic orofacial pain and functional disability. Chronic Myogenic TMD (MTMD) is the most prevalent subtype and is characterized by persistent masticatory muscle pain driven by peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. Photobiomodulation (PBM) represents a conservative, non-invasive therapeutic modality within the medical management of TMD; however, the wavelength-dependent clinical and muscular effects remain inadequately defined. Aim: To compare the efficacy of three PBM wavelengths (635, 940, 1,064 nm) on pain intensity, mandibular function, surface electromyographic activity (sEMG), and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in patients with chronic myogenic TMD.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the effect of botulinum toxin on neurons' plasticity in the masseter muscle in humans with and without painful myogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMDM). The main questions it aims to answer are: * does treatment with botulinum toxin alter gene expressions, epigenetic signatures, and cells plasticity in the masseter muscles of TMDM patients? * do any such changes differ between patients with local and regional TMDM? * does treatment with botulinum toxin influence pain characteristics (intensity, frequency, and sensibility) and other variables in patients with TMDM and are there correlations between significantly changed expression of biomarkers and other variables? Participants will be examined with a questionnaire, clinical examination (including quantitative sensory testing; QST), and microbiopsy sampling from one of the masseter (MM) and anterior tibialis (AT) muscles and are then randomized to treatment with botulinum toxin or control (isotonic saline). Follow-ups occur after one and three months for all patients, and six months with questionnaire, clinical examination, and collection of post-treatment microbiopsies to see if botulinum toxin alter peripheral molecular events and clinical variables.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if brief mindfulness-based intervention (BMBI) is beneficial to participants suffering from painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The objectives of the research are: 1. To compare physical functioning (pain intensity and jaw function) in UM students with chronic pain-related TMD before and after receiving BMBI 2. To compare psychological distress and mindfulness state in UM students with chronic pain-related TMD before and after receiving BMBI 3. To compare the quality of life of UM students with chronic pain-related TMD before and after receiving BMBI 4. To compare the changes in physical functioning, psychological distress, mindfulness state and quality of life between UM students in the intervention (BMBI) and the control groups. Participants will: Listen to the audio recordings 3 times a week, for 3 months when they are about to sleep. Make 4 visits to the clinic: Baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months later.

The study aims to compere mandibular splint versus botox injection in lateral pterygoid on cervical muscle activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders