Thrombectomy

Stroke remains a major global health burden, with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accounting for more than 65% of all cases. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been established as a standard treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke; however, "futile recanalization" remains common, with many patients failing to achieve favorable functional outcomes despite successful vessel reperfusion. Increasing evidence indicates that neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in post-reperfusion inflammation, thrombosis, and microcirculatory dysfunction, which may contribute to thrombolysis resistance and poor prognosis. Neutrophil elastase (NE), a key component associated with NETs, may further aggravate vascular injury and thrombus formation. Sivelestat Sodium is a selective NE inhibitor that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and organ-protective effects in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in experimental models of cerebral ischemia. It may help preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, reduce brain edema, and improve neurological outcomes. Based on these findings, this study is designed as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sivelestat sodium as an adjunct to EVT in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusive stroke within 24 hours of onset. The results of this study are expected to provide further clinical evidence for anti-inflammatory adjunctive treatment strategies aimed at reducing futile recanalization and improving functional outcomes in AIS.

The goal of this observational study is to gather additional safety and performance (effectiveness) data on the device for the treatment of symptomatic lower extremity venous obstructions and occlusions. The main questions the study aims to answer are: * What is the observed rate of safety events through the 30-day follow-up? * What is the rate of technical success (acute procedural success) achieved at the index procedure? Participants already undergoing treatment with the Recana as part of their regular medical care will be followed for 1 year.

The purpose of this research study is to collect data about the effectiveness (i.e. how the device works) and safety (how safe it is to use such a device) of the Tigertriever in restoring blood flow by removing thrombus (or blood clot) from a large intracranial vessel (blood vessel in the brain) in patients experiencing ischemic stroke within 8 hours of symptom onset.

Patients presenting with mild symptoms of acute ischemic stroke are common and account for approximately half of all acute ischemic stroke. About 30% of patients with minor stroke have a 90-day functional disability. Radiologically proven a large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients with minor stroke is a well-established predictor of poor outcomes, while the poor outcomes following best medical management in patients with minor stroke with the underlying presence of a LVO are mainly driven by the occurrence of early neurological deterioration (END). Considering the well-known strong association between lack of arterial recanalization and END, endovascular therapy (EVT) appears as an attractive option to improve functional outcomes for LVO-related patients with stroke with mild symptoms. Whether EVT is safe and effective in patients with mild stroke with an LVO is currently debated, since these patients were typically excluded from the pivotal EVT trials. The current study aimed to further test the hypothesis that endovascular therapy would be superior to medical management with respect to functional recovery among low NIHSS patients caused by acute large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation.

Introduction: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an effective treatment strategy to mitigate the ischemic tissue damage caused by the acute cerebral large-vessel occlusion. However, in clinical practice, nearly half of the patients do not experience adequate neurological improvement despite successful recanalization - a phenomenon termed reperfusion failure or clinically ineffective reperfusion. Given the clinical relevance of this phenomenon and the absence of a standardized imaging diagnostic method to identify it, our project aims to explore the potential role of blood oxygenation-level dependent cerebrovascular reactivity (BOLD-CVR) as novel imaging biomarker for studying reperfusion failure. Study population: Adult patients with acute ischemic stroke of the ICA, MCA or with tandem occlusion who have undergone a successful recanalization, described as mTICI score ≥2b. Objective(s): Primary objective: to longitudinally observe blood flow changes derived from BOLD-CVR imaging following successful endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) during the early post-treatment phase and assess their association with clinical outcome 90 days post-EVT. Secondary objective: to compare BOLD-CVR findings with those obtained from the clinical standard dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion imaging acquired in the same examination session as well as other imaging techniques included in the standard post-treatment imaging protocol at our institution. Outcomes: Clinical outcomes: * 90-day functional outcome. * Functional outcome at hospital discharge. * Neurological deterioration during hospitalization. * Radiologically confirmed haemorrhagic transformation within the reperfused tissue. * Radiologically confirmed infarct lesion progression within the reperfused tissue. * Additionally, DSC MR perfusion imaging parameters and other standard hemodynamic imaging parameters will be considered as imaging outcomes Study design: Single-center prospective observational cohort study Measurements and procedures: Included patients will undergo a total of 3 BOLD-CVR examinations: 72 hours, 7 days, and 90 days after EVT. Participation in the final examination will mark the end of the subject's involvement in the study. Clinical outcomes will be prospectively collected as per established institutional patient management protocols: during hospitalization, at discharge, and at the cerebrovascular outpatient clinic at 3 months. Number of Participants: Target sample size: 100 patients Given the observational study design and exploratory nature of this project, no sample size calculation can be performed. The provided target sample size (N = 100) has been estimated considering the inclusion of as many consecutive subjects as possible. Study period: 2.5 years The investigators aim to enroll a target sample size of 100 patients over a period of 2.5 years. This translates to an inclusion of 3-4 patients per month, with the last three months allocated for the follow-up of the last included patients. Study Centre: Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich Statistical Considerations: The association between BOLD-CVR findings and clinical outcomes will be investigated using regression analyses.

COOLHEAD-2b is a multicentre, phase 2, prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of non-invasive convective head cooling as an adjunct to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with acute anterior circulation ischaemic stroke. Head cooling is initiated as early as possible, including during inter-hospital transfer, and continued until one hour after reperfusion. The primary efficacy endpoint is final infarct volume at 24 hours.

The purpose of IMPACT-LVO trial is to investigate the efficacy and safety of early adjunctive intra-arterial combined with intravenous administration methylprednisolone sodium succinate after successful endovascular thrombectomy in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion patients. This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acute ischemia stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 24 hours from last known well will be screened for this trial. Successful recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy (eTICI 2b-3) patients will be randomized 1:1 to either methylprednisolone sodium succinate group or placebo group. The methylprednisolone sodium succinate group patients will receive intra-arterial methylprednisolone sodium succinate 40mg immediately after the recanalization. Then, intravenous administration with methylprednisolone sodium succinate 2mg/kg in the next 3 days. The placebo group patients will receive intra-arterial and intravenous sterile water for injection. The shift on modified Rankin Scale score is designed to detect in the present trial. A sample size of n = 178 patients (n=89 per group) is required. The intention-to-treat principle will be applied to the primary analysis, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate 15% non-adherence rate (due to loss to follow-up, consent withdrawal and other reasons), we planned to enrol n=210 patients (n=105 per group) for this study. The findings of IMPACT-LVO are likely to have a direct impact on clinical practice.

IMPRESS study aims to describe the immuno-inflammatory and thrombo-inflammatory profiles during the first 24/36 hours of treatment of patients suffering from AIC treated with TM, and to study the possible impact of these profiles on the functional prognosis at 3 and 12 months of AIC treatment.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability. Treatment of IS is based on reperfusion methods, thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy (MT). However, there are significant limitations in their implementation and success. Also, there is a mismatch between successful recanalization of the blood vessel, recovery of the neurological status as well as treatment outcome. Precisely for these reasons, there is a need for a better understanding of pathophysiology events in the acute IS and for the development of new therapeutic procedures that would include neuroprotection, modification of the inflammatory response and preservation of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Acute IS occurs as a result of a blood vessel blockage, which leads to ischemic damage to the brain parenchyma. It causes an early inflammatory response that is extremely complex, involving a large number of inflammatory cytokines whose dynamics and role in the pathophysiology of IS are insufficiently investigated. It is known that inflammatory processes damage the endothelial glycocalyx (EG), a thin luminal layer of the endothelium that has numerous functions such as maintaining the integrity of blood vessels and regulating tone, and itself participates in the inflammatory response. In the brain, EG is a key regulator of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and its damage makes the barrier more permeable, which can lead to edema and the passage of potentially harmful substances. Clinical studies have shown that there is a possible relationship between the prognosis of patients with IS and the concentration of EG breakdown products in the peripheral blood. However, the relationship between changes in EG and the inflammatory process in the context of IS, and especially in relation to available treatment methods, remains unclear. The aim of the proposed study is to determine and analyze the dynamics of concentrations of EG degradation products and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute IS during and after MT. This study would include all adult patients with acute IS who will undergo MT, and the concentrations of EG degradation products and inflammatory cytokines would be determined by the enzyme immunoassay method from peripheral blood and blood samples from the cerebral circulation after reperfusion. The obtained results will be correlated with the collected data on the neurological condition of the patient before and after the intervention, the type and course of the intervention performed, the course and duration of hospital treatment, the occurrence of complications and the outcome of treatment.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn what is the best anesthetic management in participants with severe stroke that require a medical intervention called mechanical thrombectomy (MT) done to open the occluded brain vessel. The main question it aims to answer is: • Is general anesthesia (GA) better than procedural sedation (PS) for improving functional performance and decrease dependance in daily life 3 months after stroke? GA (a non-arousable state induced by anesthetic medications that require respiratory assistance) or PS (a state of reduced arousal induced by lesser dose of anesthetic medications that do not require respiratory assistance) are both used for MT. GA enables strict immobility that could facilitate the conduct of MT but lessen blood pressure and blood flow in the brain. PS provides less drop in blood pressure but MT could be more difficult due to possible movement and breathing may be decreased. Researchers will compare GA with PS to see which one is better for MT success and for the functional consequences of stroke. Participants will be treated with GA or PS for the intervention of MT and will be followed by researchers during their hospital stay and asked by a telephone interview how is their functional status 3 months after stroke.

Acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion is responsible of cerebral blood flow impairment with a progressive and extensive ischemic process. Cerebral collateral circulation may preserve an ischemic penumbra that could recover providing timely reperfusion of the occluded vessel. Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard of care for anterior circulation large vessel reperfusion. Strategy to promote cerebral blood flow in collateral circulation before reperfusion is scarce and rely mainly on blood pressure maintenance. Carbon dioxide is a potent cerebral vasodilator that could enhance collateral circulation blood flow and cerebral protection before reperfusion. General anesthesia with endotracheal mechanical ventilation could be used for thrombectomy and give the opportunity to modulate and control carbon dioxide tension in the blood. This study will test the effect of moderate hypercapnia on penumbral collateral circulation before reperfusion during mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke under general anesthesia.

Several studies have demonstrated that simultaneous treatment with two stentrievers (STs) as rescue treatment is very effective, with high recanalization rates even in this group of patients where other revascularization techniques have failed. There has been no observed increase in hemorrhagic complications. Recently, a prospective study has been published where treatment with two ST has been shown to be effective and safe if used as a first-choice treatment (not as rescue) with a successful recanalization rate (eTICI 2c/3) after the first pass of 69%. These results have been reinforced after the publication of a randomized study that confirms, in vitro, the superiority of using two ST over one.

This study, called TARGET-ASPECT, looks at patients who had a type of stroke called acute ischemic stroke and were treated with clot-busting medicine and a procedure to remove the clot. Even with these treatments, about half of patients don't fully recover. The study aims to see if certain brain imaging scores, especially when combined, can better predict how well patients will recover 90 days after their stroke and if their blood vessels reopen successfully. The study will include 152 patients and last about 9 months. The goal is to find easy and reliable tools that doctors can use to make better treatment decisions.

It is planned as a randomized controlled intervention study to determine the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on physical activity and quality of life in patients with paralysis after thrombectomy.

A Multicenter Registry of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if an AI-based imaging software, Methinks Stroke Suite, can reduce the time to transfer stroke patients who need thrombectomy from local stroke centers to specialized centers. The study focuses on acute stroke patients who are initially evaluated at local stroke centers that cannot perform endovascular therapy (EVT). The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does Methinks Stroke Suite reduce the time it takes to decide if a patient needs to be transferred for thrombectomy? * How accurate is the AI software in identifying patients who are candidates for EVT? Researchers will compare the AI-based workflow to a historical cohort to see if the Methinks Stroke Suite improves transfer decisions and treatment times. Participants will: * Undergo a CT scan at the local stroke center, which will be analyzed by Methinks Stroke Suite. * Be transferred to a thrombectomy-capable center if the AI + clinical judgment identifies them as potential EVT candidates. * Be followed for 90 days after their stroke to assess recovery outcomes.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate if endovascular treatment (EVT) can effectively treat patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who present beyond the typical 24-hour window after symptom onset. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Can EVT improve functional independence at 90 days for patients treated after 24 hours? * What is the safety profile of EVT in this delayed treatment group compared to best medical management (BMM)? Researchers will compare EVT outcomes in patients presenting after 24 hours to those receiving BMM to see if EVT offers significant benefits. Participants will: * Receive either EVT or BMM based on their eligibility. * Undergo CT angiography to assess collateral circulation and to confirm the presence of LVO. * Be followed for 90 days to evaluate functional outcomes and safety measures.