Thyroid Gland Nodule

This trial studies how well the diagnostic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation signature works in detecting thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules. Using diagnostic testing, such as the diagnostic DNA methylation signature, may be a less invasive way to check for thyroid cancer.

This study is being done to help researchers learn more about and successfully diagnose cancer using blood samples and tissue samples from surgeries in patients with suspicious thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer. Diagnosing cancer in this way, as opposed to biopsies, may be less invasive to the patient. Analyzing blood and tissues samples may also help researchers to differentiate non-cancerous tumors from thyroid cancer and detect high-risk mutations to guide treatment.