TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

The goal of this study is to test if Savvy, a multimodal intervention (consisting of psychological exercises, a weekly pill organizer, and a text message reminder system) can improve medication adherence in stroke survivors. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Can the Savvy tool improve medication adherence in stroke survivors compared to usual care? * Does the use of the Savvy tool lead to better blood pressure control after a stroke? The investigators will compare the use of the Savvy intervention to a control group that receives usual care, including a package of educational materials. The study consists of the following components: * Participants will receive the Savvy intervention or usual care. The intervention package consists of short psychological exercises over the phone, a weekly medication organizer to support daily medication intake, and text message reminders to take medication and refill the medication box. Participants in the control group will receive usual care, including educational materials about the importance of blood pressure and medication. * All participants will receive a free home blood pressure monitor and will be requested to measure their blood pressure at certain time points during the study. * Participants will be enrolled in the study for 6 months and will have virtual follow-up calls at 3 and 6 months.

The overall objective of the study is to prospectively validate the diagnostic accuracy of the Stroke Mimics Score (SMS). This score is calculated using information collected at the time of the patient's arrival in the Emergency Department (triage) and may assist clinicians in distinguishing between: 1. cerebrovascular events (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack \[TIA\]), 2. stroke mimics (i.e., conditions that present with stroke-like symptoms but without actual infarction of brain tissue). In addition, the study aims to compare its results with other existing tools and to evaluate its performance across different patient groups. Specifically, the present research seeks to generate data on the reliability of the SMS tool in providing an accurate diagnosis.

Narrowing of the carotid artery due to atherosclerosis with an unstable plaque can cause a stroke. Patients with carotid artery disease who have had a TIA or minor stroke and are at high risk of another stroke are often treated with surgery or stenting to remove the plaque. For lower-risk patients, medication alone is the better option, as surgery also carries risks. A new decision method, based on MRI detection of unstable plaques (IMPROVE), can better assess stroke risk and help determine which patients do or do not need surgery. We are investigating whether this method is at least as effective as the standard approach, which mainly considers the degree of narrowing. We expect that this new method will help reduce strokes and lower healthcare costs. Patients will be followed for several years to compare which method is better for health and costs.

Vertigo and dizziness are common neurological complaints in the emergency department and may represent a wide spectrum of etiologies, including vertebrobasilar transient neurological attacks (VB-TNAs). Distinguishing VB-TNAs, particularly vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks (VB-TIAs), from migraine-like and other non-vascular conditions is often challenging at first presentation due to the absence of specific biomarkers and overlapping clinical features. The UTRAVERA study is a multicenter, prospective, observational investigation designed to characterize the clinical features of patients presenting with acute transient vertigo or dizziness suspected to be VB-TNAs. The study will also evaluate diagnostic evolution over time, treatment responses, and prognostic factors associated with clinical outcomes.

Transient Ischaemic Attack (also known as TIA or 'mini-stroke') affects about 46,000 people in the UK each year. It is assumed that people recover fully within 24 hours. However, subtle problems with speaking, and confidence with their communication skills can be long-term. This project will be the first in depth exploration of speaking abilities after recent TIA where there seemed to be a full recovery. The researchers will look for 90 volunteers for detailed testing. Thirty people who have had a TIA for the first time. For comparisons, the researchers will also include 60 volunteers without TIA (30 treated to prevent TIA and stroke; 30 who do not receive prevention treatments). Aims and methods: 1. To find out if TIA makes speaking difficult. People will complete speaking tasks in a quiet place. For example, people will be asked to tell us about their weekend, what they think about climate change. 2. To find out if people are concerned about their speech and other thinking skills after TIA. People will fill in questionnaires to help us look into these issues. 3. To find out if speaking abilities and people's own views of their communication change over time (about three months after the TIA). Discovering new knowledge about spoken communication after a TIA diagnosis could change the course of TIA research and care across health professions (speech-language therapy, psychology, audiology, neurology). Future studies could use speaking tasks to scrutinise further the complexity of subtle communication problems after TIA and determine which individuals are likely to have these problems. The project will raise understanding of these issues, enabling affected individuals to seek professional support. Finally, it will also guide development of new TIA recommendations and treatments for these problems thus improving people's quality of life.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether adding cilostazol to aspirin or clopidogrel prevents stroke and heart attack in people who have had a stroke or mini-stroke.

The study will verify if a structured multidisciplinary approach (called iABC), aimed to improve the appropriate management of elderly AF patients with multimorbidity (the i-ABC group), would provide a clear evidence of an improvement in clinical conditions and quality of life compared to usual clinical care. The i-ABC group in AFFIRMO will follow the ABC pathway, focused on three domains: avoid stroke with anticoagulation (with optimized VKA or label-adherent DOAC use); better symptom management; and optimized management of associated cardiovascular and non cardiovascular comorbidities. The study will be conducted in Bulgaria, Denmark, Italy, Romania, Serbia and Spain .

The goal of this observational study is to explore the potential efficacy of related biomakers in predicting clopidogrel resistance in patients with ischemic stroke. To be specific : 1. To investigate the relationship between the changes in ADP induced platelet aggregation rate, human plasma C4BPα concentration, mRNA expression levels of mARC1 and ABCC3-013 (splicing variant) in peripheral blood leukocytes, and the changes in the mRNA expression levels of ABCC3-013 (splicing variant) in selected hospitalized patients before and on the 3rd and 7th day after antiplatelet therapy, as well as on the 30th and 90th day after follow-up, in accordance with the current guidelines for secondary stroke prevention, and to explore the relative efficacy of each biomarker in predicting clopidogrel resistance; 2. To collect blood samples from patients, extract their DNA samples, perform CYP2C19 genotyping, validate and evaluate the predictive efficacy and clinical application value of a biomarker "panel" composed of multiple new and old biomarkers for predicting clopidogrel resistance.