TMD/Orofacial Pain

The study aims to assess the outcomes of arthroscopic lysis and lavage procedure with and without single intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in managing patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction. The research question that this study will answer is: Does arthroscopic lysis and lavage combined with hyaluronic acid provide better outcomes in terms of pain intensity and maximum mouth opening compared to arthroscopic lysis and lavage alone?

This description observational research is comparative in design, that is comparing existing standard clinical dental images, not obtained in this study, to test (i.e., ddMRI) images. The standard clinical dental images consist of radiographs, such as bitewings, periapical, panoramic, cone-beam CT, and medical CT, as well medical MRIs of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ).The conceptualization of research questions, study designing, and interpretation of imaging data has and will involve content expertise in all ddMRI research.

Dentists and physiotherapists have two options for treating these conditions: splint therapy and physiotherapy. Right now, the gold standard is individual physiotherapy, which contains manual therapy and active exercises too. Since not many dentists and physiotherapists are experts in this area, patients have to wait for months or even years to get their treatment. Thanks to social media, patients can find many information about their condition while they are waiting, but it's our responsibility to provide safe and effective information. In view of this situation, our aim is to find out if online or group physiotherapy is as effective as individual physiotherapy.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if orofacial exercises works to treat temporomandibular disorders in adults. It will also learn about the safety of orofacial exercises on temporomandibular disorders. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does orofacial exercises improve function of temporomandibular disorders ? Does orofacial exercises decrease pain in temporomandibular disorders? Researchers will compare orofacial exercises and manual therapy to manual therapy. Participants will: Take manual therapy and orofacial exercises or manual therapy two days in every week for 6 weeks Assessment once every 2 weeks for tests