Toxicity

The purpose of this study is to assess and compare GI toxicity from RT between subjects who receive therapeutic SCFA and those who receive placebo, in hopes of identifying a safe, low-cost therapeutic to reduce GI toxicity from therapeutic or environmental radiation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially life-saving treatment for children with relapsed or resistant leukemia and other life-threatening hematological and hereditary disorders. In Denmark, around 25 children undergo allogeneic HSCT every year, of these approximately 85-90% survive into adulthood. The goal of this observational study is to learn about neurocognitive outcomes in children undergoing (HSCT) and to understand which clinical, physical, and environmental factors may affect neurocognitive development during the first year after transplant. The main questions it aims to answer are: How does neurocognitive function change from before HSCT to one year after transplantation in pediatric patients? Which clinical, physical, and environmental factors are linked to better or worse neurocognitive outcomes? Participants will: Complete neurocognitive tests before HSCT and at 1-year follow-up, covering intelligence, memory, attention, executive function, processing speed, and motor skills. Undergo physical tests before HSCT, at hospital discharge, at 6-months follow-up, and at 1-year follow-up, including muscle strength, mobility, endurance, balance, and cardiopulmonary fitness (only at 1-year follow-up). Wear activity trackers to measure physical activity and sedentary time during hospitalization at 6 months and 1-year post-HSCT. Complete questionnaires about sleep, pain, quality of life, fatigue, family background, and exposure to outdoor and green spaces. Have medical records reviewed for treatment-related side effects, immune recovery, inflammation, and pain management. This study will help understand how neurocognitive function develops after HSCT in children and which factors (clinical, physical, or environmental) may support better recovery and well-being.

This study evaluate the association of body composition (mainly free-fat mass), clinical and biochemical parameters with development of toxicity in patients under treatment with Carboplatin/Paclitaxel in advanced NSCLC.

This study aims to explore the safety and efficacy of eliminating the PTV (planning target volume) margins based on online adaptive stereotactic radiotherapy for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or pulmonary oligometastases.

The use of a geriatric assessment to inform oncologic care for older persons with cancer is an evidence-based practice that improves patient-clinician communication, reduces treatment-related toxicity, and is recommended by national guidelines. However, the implementation of a geriatric assessment can be time-consuming and burdensome, leading to suboptimal use in clinical practice. Developed and endorsed by the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the Practical Geriatric Assessment (PGA) is designed to improve clinical usability and adoption, but its implementation in real-world settings has not been evaluated. The PACE-70 study aims to evaluate PGA implementation and resultant chemotherapy dose modification among older adults with advanced cancer treated in a community setting. An exploratory aim will evaluate how the PGA, body composition (via abdominal computed tomography scan) and step count monitoring (via FitBit) correlate with chemotherapy toxicity and other clinical outcomes.

IMPORTANT study is a multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized-controlled, non-inferiority trial with a pragmatic approach involving older patients (≥ 70 years old) with advanced hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, not amenable for curative treatment and without prior therapy for advanced disease, who are suitable to receive CDK 4/6-inhibitors plus endocrine therapy as first line therapy. The study implements two approaches with high level of evidence, namely the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) approach in treatment decision making and the use of CDK 4/6-inhibitors as the initial treatment of choice, to investigate whether a common clinical practice (starting dose reduction of CDK 4/6-inhibitors in older patients) with evidence of low certainty can be standardized using a more individualized-based approach. On the basis of baseline CGA assessment, patients will either receive full dose of CDK 4/6-inhibitors plus endocrine therapy (if patients are fit according to CGA) or be randomized to full dose vs. reduced initial dose of CDK 4/6-inhibitors (if vulnerable or frail according to CGA). The study hypothesis is that adjusting the dose according to vulnerability will allow patients to tolerate treatment better without jeopardizing the treatment efficacy. This project has received funding from the European Union's HORIZON 2022 research and innovation actions supporting the implementation of the Mission on Cancer under grant agreement No 101104589.

Plasticizers are chemicals commonly found in many everyday items, from food packaging to medical equipment. Although they are pervasive in our daily lives, researchers still don't have a clear picture of their long-term effects on human health. Evidence suggests that these substances might disrupt various biological functions such as the immune system, the balance of gut bacteria, hormone regulation, and brain processes. While some studies have linked plasticizer exposure to health issues, definitive data from human studies are still lacking. The PEACH study aims to bridge these knowledge gaps by investigating how plasticizers affect human health. The study focuses on understanding how these chemicals are absorbed, distributed, and accumulated in the body across different groups of patients. The investigators are particularly interested in how plasticizers influence gut microbiota and the functionality of immune cells, as well as their effects on neurotransmitters involved in brain function. A combination of patient data, systems biology, and laboratory models will be used to thoroughly assess the biological impacts of plasticizers. Advanced techniques such as mass spectrometry will aid in studying toxicokinetic properties, sequencing technologies will be used to examine immune effects, and radiouptake assays will be employed to explore interactions with neurotransmitter transport. This comprehensive methodology will provide new insights into the effects of both short-term and long-term exposure to plasticizers. The PEACH study introduces innovative methods to the field, aiming to create a robust model for understanding how plasticizer compounds behave in the human body. It employs state-of-the-art techniques to assess the dynamics of these chemicals, marking a significant advancement in environmental health research.