Tracheostomy Decannulation

The population included in this study consists of tracheostomy patients admitted to the pulmonary department of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, undergoing decannulation rehabilitation treatment. After the patient is admitted, the research team evaluates whether they are suitable to enter the decannulation process. For enrolled patients, a 24-hour wearable device is worn upon admission to record physiological parameters. Patients, following clinical and rehabilitation treatment, can start using a "speaking valve" as soon as their condition permits. Within the first 24 hours prior to the initial use of the speaking valve, wearable devices may be utilized a second time to gather data. Patients successfully completed the decannulation process, tolerating the speaking valve for 4 hours (PEF/PCF ≥ 100liters/min).The wearable device was utilized to gather 24 hours physiological parameters for the third time within the 24 hours leading up to decannulation. Patients who underwent successful decannulation had physiological parameters collected for the forth time using wearable devices within 24 hours prior to discharge. This study preliminarily compares the differences in physiological parameters at four time points (within 24 hours of admission, within 24 hours prior to using a speaking valve, within 24 hours prior to decannulation and within 24 hours before discharge), predicts the physiological benefits of decannulation for patients, and advocates for the concept of "early decannulation." Decannulation criteria: If the patient can tolerate wearing the speaking valve continuously for 4 hours (gradually increasing the duration: 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours), and if PEF/PCF ≥ 100 liters/min, planned removal of the tracheostomy tube can be considered. Criteria for successful decannulation: Patients who successfully completed the decannulation process and had their tubes removed, with no reinsertion of the tracheostomy tube or endotracheal intubation within 48 hours after decannulation.

The population included in this study consists of tracheostomy patients admitted to the pulmonary department of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, undergoing decannulation rehabilitation treatment. Once patient conditions stabilized, they were all transitioned to the decannulation process established by our department in 2018, which utilizes a speaking valve instead of capping. Each enrolled patient received physiological monitoring upon admission and the day prior to the initial use of the speaking valve, with continuous monitoring for 24 hours through wearable devices.The monitored physiological parameters were compared between the successful decannulation group and the failed decannulation group, and a predictive decannulation model was established in advance based on clinical parameters. Decannulation criteria: If the patient can tolerate wearing the speaking valve continuously for 4 hours (gradually increasing the duration: 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours), and if PEF \> 100 liters/min, planned removal of the tracheostomy tube can be considered. Based on decannulation outcomes, patients were categorized into the successful decannulation group and the failed decannulation group. Successful decannulation group: Patients who successfully completed the decannulation process and had their tubes removed, with no reinsertion of the tracheostomy tube or endotracheal intubation within 48 hours after decannulation. Failed decannulation group: Patients who did not pass the decannulation process, and the multidisciplinary team advised against removal of the tracheostomy tube; or patients who passed the decannulation process and had the tracheostomy tube removed but required reinsertion of the tracheostomy tube or endotracheal intubation within 48 hours due to medical conditions.

This single-center prospective study enrolls adult patients with long-term tracheostomy who are ready for tube removal (decannulation). Twenty-four hours before decannulation, each participant will receive three physiologic tests-breathing through the tracheostomy tube, breathing with a one-way speaking valve, and breathing with the tube capped. Standard pulmonary-function and arterial-blood-gas measurements will be taken during each test and again 5 days after the tube is removed. The study compares these methods to identify which pre-decannulation test best predicts safe, successful decannulation and to describe the overall impact of tube removal on respiratory function.

To explore the effect of speaking valves on physiological parameters of tracheostomized patients with wearable devices.