Transverse Maxillary Deficiency

OSAHS (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome) in children is a frequent respiratory disorder, whose prevalence is estimated at between 1.2 and 5.7%, and which, if left untreated, can cause severe medical complications. This prevalence tends to be underestimated. Diagnosis is made following a clinical examination noting the presence of characteristic clinical and polysomnographic criteria. Multidisciplinary management has been widely described in the literature, and various therapeutic options have been indicated. Rapid maxillary expansion has proved highly effective in the treatment of this condition. This syndrome is a real public health problem and must be diagnosed as early as possible. Through our research, we would like to study whether there is a causal link between an orthodontic problem of the transverse direction and the presence of SAHOS in children. In other words, we would like to assess whether children who clinically present an orthodontic deficiency of their transverse dimension are more likely to develop SAHOS than children without this deficit. If this proves to be true, then a new clinical sign could enable certain healthcare professionals to detect this syndrome early, and be able to refer patients to physicians as soon as possible.

This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the Quad Helix (QH) appliance versus Rapid Maxillary Expanders (RME) in treating posterior cross-bite in Egyptian children during the mixed dentition stage. The study will also assess patient comfort and pain levels associated with each appliance.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare two types of palatal expanders used with a facemask in children who have skeletal Class III and a narrow upper jaw. The study will compare the Invisalign Palatal Expander (IPE) and the Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE). Researchers want to learn how these devices affect jaw bones and tooth position. They also want to learn about children's and parents' experiences during treatment. The main questions this study aims to answer are: Do IPE and RPE widen the upper jaw differently? Do they cause different changes in tooth position? How do children and parents describe their treatment experience? Participants will be children aged 8 to 12 years who have skeletal Class III and a narrow upper jaw. Children with craniofacial conditions, previous upper jaw expansion, or medical conditions that prevent orthodontic treatment will not take part. Parents and children must give consent before joining the study. Participants will: Be assigned to receive either IPE or RPE Expand the upper jaw to 7 mm (0.25 mm per day) After expansion, wear a facemask for at least 12 hours per day for 6 to 8 months Have cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken before expansion, after expansion, and after facemask treatment Take part in an interview with a parent after expansion Researchers will use CBCT images to measure changes in jaw bones and tooth position. The main outcomes are changes in jaw bones and tooth position. Secondary outcomes include children's and parents' experiences during treatment.

This clinical trial aims to compare the skeletal and dental effects of conventional Hyrax expanders and 3D-printed Hyrax expanders in adolescent patients with maxillary transverse deficiency. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital models, the study evaluates the precision, customization, and treatment outcomes of both appliance types to inform evidence-based orthodontic treatment planning.

36 patients with unilateral or bilateral cross bite treated with hyrax expanders fabricated through three distinct workflows: fully conventional (physical impression + manual fabrication), hybrid (physical impression + CAD/CAM fabrication), and fully digital (intraoral scanning + CAD/CAM fabrication). To evaluate and compare the clinical fit, workflow efficiency, and patient/clinician satisfaction of palatal expanders fabricated using traditional, hybrid digital, and fully digital workflows.