Traumatic Stress

Incompatibility between evidence-based treatments (EBTs) and the cultural values, practices, and minoritized experiences of Latine youth and families contributes to racial-ethnic disparities in mental health treatment engagement and consequently mental health outcomes. The proposed study aims to develop and pilot a novel tool - the Culturally Responsive Assessment, Formulation, and Treatment Tool (CRAFTT) - for helping clinicians decide whether, when, and how to culturally adapt EBTs for individual Latine youth clients and thereby improve the cultural compatibility of EBTs for this underserved population. Completion of this study will result in a functional decision support tool designed to improve the quality and effectiveness of mental health services for Latine youths and promote mental health equity.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if it is doable for community health workers (CHWs) to deliver a mental health intervention to Spanish-speaking Latine parents experiencing anxiety, depression, and/or traumatic stress. The main questions it aims to answer are (1) Is it doable for CHWs to deliver the mental health intervention and for Latine parents to participate in the intervention, and (2) does the CHW-delivered intervention work in reducing Latine parents' mental health symptoms. Researchers will compare Latine parents receiving the intervention to Latine parents not receiving the intervention to see if the CHW-delivered intervention works to improve mental health symptoms. Participants will: * Participate in up to 14 weekly 1-hour sessions of the mental health intervention delivered by a CHW. They will be randomized to receive the intervention immediately or after a 5-month delay. * Participants will complete questionnaires about their symptoms, family and child functioning, as well as about how doable, acceptable, and appropriate they found the intervention * Participants will also complete a recorded interview about their experience in the intervention

Addiction and trauma exposure are common among the 5.5 million people (1 in 47 adults) in the U.S. who are in prison or under supervision. About 85% of people in prison have a substance use disorder or are there for a drug-related crime, and many have experienced serious trauma before being incarcerated. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are often a result of trauma and are linked to more severe drug use, higher rates of relapse, and increased crime. PTSS and substance use disorder (SUD) each raise the chances of new arrests for people who are justice-involved, showing that addressing trauma and addiction could help reduce repeat offenses and the costs of incarceration. However, treatments for PTSS are rarely available in prisons, and there is little research on whether providing therapy for PTSS in prison can lower drug use, PTSS, or crime after release. The goal of this clinical trial is to see if trauma-focused group therapy (CPT) provided while in prison, can help people after release from prison. The therapy has been adapted for use in prisons (CPT-CJ) and will be compared to trauma focused therapy delivered via a self-help workbook This study will: * test whether a trauma-focused group therapy (CPT-CJ) can reduce post-incarceration drug and alcohol use, mental health issues, and drug-related crime, compared to trauma-focused self-help, * evaluate a strategy called implementation facilitation, which helps support the use of this therapy in prisons, and * measure the cost of the therapies and support strategies to help plan for future expansion. Incarcerated participants (N = 640; 50% female) will be enrolled from \~10 prisons in \~5 states, ensuring variability in population and setting characteristics. They will: * take surveys and answer questions up to 5 times (before starting treatment, right after getting treatment, right before leaving prison, 3 months after leaving prison and 6 months after leaving prison) * complete CPT group therapy or self-help therapy * provide urine samples 3 months and 6 months after leaving prison Prison stakeholders (e.g., prison staff, prison leadership, governmental officials; N = \~15 per site) who will be purposively sampled based on their role in CPT-CJ implementation will also participate in some surveys.

The goal of this feasibility randomized controlled trial is to learn about the feasibility and acceptability of scalable psychological interventions in Sweden. It will also allow for a preliminary exploration of a novel modular addition targeting traumatic stress to Problem Management Plus (PM+), an evidence-based transdiagnostic psychological intervention for psychological distress. The main question it aims to answer is whether PM+ and PM+ Emotion Processing (PM+EP) feasible and acceptable among forcibly displaced youth in Sweden? Participants will be randomized to receive PM+, PM+EP, or treatment as usual. The two intervention arms consist of a weekly session for six weeks. Assessments will collect data on a variety of psychological symptoms, wellbeing, and service use throughout the duration of the study. Assessments will take place at baseline, 1-week post-intervention, and 3-weeks post-intervention.