Upper Extremity Injury

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different procedural sedation and analgesia methods used for adults with painful fractures requiring reduction treatment in the emergency department. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Which sedation and analgesia methods provide the best patient satisfaction and pain relief? * How do different treatment methods affect clinician satisfaction and the occurrence of adverse events? The investigators will compare different types of procedural sedative and analgesic treatments (such as systemic sedation/analgesia and regional techniques like nerve or hematoma blocks) to see which approach offers the best patient satisfaction and most effective pain control. Participants will: Be adult patients with upper or lower extremity fractures or joint dislocations requiring painful reduction procedures. Receive one of the routinely used sedation or analgesia treatments (or no analgesia) during their emergency department care. Report their pain levels and satisfaction before, during, and after treatment. Be monitored for any side effects, complications, or use of antidotes. Data will be collected over a six-month period at Odense University Hospital, Holbæk Hospital, and Zealand University Hospital, Køge, following the STROBE guidelines for observational studies.

This study aims to investigate the differences in recovery periods of upper extremity injuries among indoor climbers according to their treatment methods. The research focuses on comparing the recovery duration, specifically the time to return to climbing, between those who received professional physical therapy and those who relied on self-treatment or other conservative management. Additionally, this survey-based observational study seeks to explore how individual and training-related factors - such as warm-up duration, climbing frequency, and years of experience - affect the occurrence and recurrence of upper extremity injuries. Participants will complete an online questionnaire consisting of demographic data, climbing habits, injury characteristics, treatment methods, and recovery outcomes. The data will be collected anonymously and analyzed to determine whether the type of treatment correlates with faster recovery or reduced reinjury risk. The findings are expected to provide foundational evidence for developing effective rehabilitation and injury-prevention strategies for indoor climbers, and to guide clinicians and trainers in selecting appropriate treatment approaches for upper extremity injuries.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) combined with rehabilitation in improving upper extremity motor function after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Researchers will evaluate the efficacy and safety of VNS by comparing the improvements of arm motor function post-ICH in the active VNS combined rehabilitation group with that in the sham VNS combined rehabilitation group (actual intensity 0 mA). Participants in this study will undergo a surgical procedure to implant the VNS system and will subsequently recieve a 6 weeks in-clinic therapy, followed by an additional 6 weeks home exercise. During the final 6 weeks, participants will either recieve in-clinic therapy or maintain their home exercise, depending on their assigned group.