Ureterolithiasis

The holmium laser is currently considered the gold standard for lithotripsy on urinary lithiasis, whereas the super-pulsed thulium fibre laser is a relatively new technology. Through a multi-center prospective randomised clinical study that mainly aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of a super-pulsed fibre thulium laser compared to a holmium laser in the treatment of upper ureteral and renal stones (10mm\<cumulative maximum diameter ≤ 25mm) in retrograde intrarenal surgery. The research participants are assigned randomly to undergo retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) either using a super-pulsed thulium fibre laser or a holmium-YAG laser with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The secondary aim of this study is to provide high-level evidence for the development of diagnostic and treatment guidelines in the field of urolithiasis, both domestically and internationally. The outcomes of the RIRS procedures are compared for the two treatment arms.

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the efficacy and safety of a novel intelligent pressure and temperature-controlled ureteroscope system for treating renal and upper ureteral stones with concurrent infection. It will also assess its ability to reduce postoperative complications and improve stone clearance rates. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the intelligent system lower the complication rate and enhance stone clearance compared to standard ureteroscopy? What safety issues or medical problems do participants experience when using the intelligent system? Researchers will compare the intelligent pressure and temperature-controlled ureteroscope system to a standard ureteroscope to evaluate its effectiveness in treating renal and upper ureteral stones. Participants will: Undergo surgery using either the intelligent system or a standard ureteroscope Be monitored for postoperative complications, stone clearance, and other relevant outcomes Participate in follow-up visits to assess recovery and treatment efficacy