Urinary Catheter

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is common in patients awaking from general anesthesia with an urinary catheter. We suppose that that use of dexmedetomidine and/or esketamine during anesthesia may reduce the occurrence of CRBD. This 2x2 factorial randomized trial is designed to explore the effects of esketamine, dexmedetomidine, and their combination on the occurrence CRBD in patients undergoing transurethral urological surgery.

Urinary catheterization is the insertion of a tube through the urethra into the bladder to empty or flush the bladder. Catheterization is preferred in patients with urinary retention and urinary incontinence, in patients who will undergo surgical intervention or in cases where a procedure needs to be performed in the urinary tract, and is applied for short (1-7 days), medium (7-28 days) and long term (longer than 28 days) (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2023). Urinary catheterization is frequently preferred in applications related to treatment and care. According to the CAUTI report, the frequency of urinary catheterization in hospitalized patients in one year is between 15-25% in the world. This rate is between 10-15% in developed countries and 20-30% in developing countries (CAUTI, 2015).