Vaping

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a combination of varenicline and enhanced accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (aTMS) works to help adults quit using nicotine products. Researchers will compare varenicline + active aTMS with a single dose of D-Clycloserine to varenicline + sham (inactive) aTMS with a placebo pill to see the effect of enhanced aTMS on reaching abstinence. The main question it aims to answer is: Does receiving active enhanced aTMS + varenicline lead to higher abstinence rates and lower nicotine craving? Participants will be asked to: * Complete 2 brain MRI scans * Take varenicline every day for 12 weeks * Quit using nicotine products at the end of the second week of varenicline * Complete one day of up to 20 TMS treatments * Take a single dose of D-Cycloserine medication on the day of TMS treatment * Complete 12 brief, weekly follow-up visits * Complete a brief daily survey each day that they take the study drug

This study will test the hypothesis that the QuitVaping (QV) intervention and additional texting support will improve nicotine abstinence rates in adolescents as compared to Enhanced Usual Care (EUC: education about nicotine, vaping and addiction, advice to quit vaping, referral to TIQ texting support). Approximately 400 adolescents will be randomly assigned to one of two arms (1) QuitVaping intervention plus texting support to quit vaping and (2) EUC only.

The purpose of this study is to pilot test feasibility and acceptability of the Quit the Hit Toolkit, a social media-based nicotine vaping cessation program for adolescents and young adults, adapted for use in community settings.

The purpose of this study is to determine how vaping affects blood vessels, in particular if early damage occurs in the lung vessels.

Background: Tobacco smoking and vaping remains public health concern, with many adults continuing to experience difficulties accessing appropriate support for smoking cessation in Switzerland and Türkiye. Structural barriers, including stigma related to attempting to quit, limited financial and time resources, low awareness of the health risks associated with tobacco smoking- and vaping-reduce engagement with traditional services. TUBSIS 2.0 aims to address these access inequities by providing a fully remote, anonymous and free internet-based program tailored to diverse adult populations in both countries. Objectives: The "TUBSIS 2.0: An Adaptation Study of Tobacco Addiction Support Programme - TUBSIS for Tobacco Users in Switzerland and Türkiye" project aims to support readiness to reduce or quit tobacco smoking/vaping, improve well-being and self-compassion and strengthen health-related behaviors. The intervention targets German-, English-, and Turkish-speaking adults and includes mindfulness-based strategies for quitting or reducing tobacco smoking and vaping. Motivation to cease tobacco smoking/vaping varies considerably across the lifespan. Younger individuals may perceive smoking/vaping cessation as unnecessary, often due to limited awareness of long-term health risks or a sense of invulnerability. In later adulthood, although addiction tends to be more deeply established, many individuals hesitate to attempt cessation because of concerns about the psychological and behavioral challenges associated with the process. It is therefore essential to provide individuals with support that helps them understand the cessation process, prepare for the challenges that can be expected and identify strategies that align with their psychological needs. Such strategies may include stress management and self-compassion practices that can be utilized before, during and after cessation attempts. TUBSIS 2.0 offers structured and accessible guidance to support this preparation by providing a clear, evidence-based pathway for individuals at different stages of readiness to change. Methods: TUBSIS 2.0 is a web-based, individual and asynchronous program consisting of eight modules delivered over four weeks. A total of 406 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Data are collected anonymously at four measurement points (baseline, mid-term, post-term and 8-week follow-up) from participants. The program focuses on supporting participants' reducing or quitting tobacco smoking or vaping; to increase their readiness for smoking/vaping cessation, mental well-being, self-compassion and stress management with mindfulness strategies. Within the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), the process of behaviour change is conceptualised as a dynamic, non-linear process that progresses through motivational and volitional phases. TUBSIS 2.0 has been adapted to reflect this structure by integrating phase-specific components. These components include modules that enhance risk awareness and outcome expectancies, planning and self-regulation tools to support action initiation and mindfulness-based strategies that are embedded throughout all phases to strengthen self-efficacy and coping. By addressing these shifting needs across the change process, the programme provides a responsive and theory-driven pathway for reducing/quitting tobacco smoking or vaping. Relevance: TUBSIS 2.0 is highly relevant to public health priorities, as it provides a cost-effective, scalable and environmentally sustainable intervention that eliminates barriers commonly associated with traditional cessation services. By requiring no travel, printed materials or in-person appointments, the programme offers equitable access to adults across all age groups, genders and diverse migrant communities in Switzerland and Türkiye. Its multilingual and culturally adapted structure addresses significant service gaps for populations that are underserved or hesitant to seek conventional support. By reducing tobacco smoking- or vaping-related harm and facilitating early behavioural change, TUBSIS 2.0 has the potential to decrease long-term healthcare costs while expanding access to evidence-based digital prevention tools.

Electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices that can produce an aerosol by heating a liquid which commonly contains nicotine. In recent years, products containing synthetically produced nicotine and nicotine analogues have entered the market. However, it remains unclear whether these types of nicotine have the same effects as conventional nicotine derived from the tobacco plant. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of these nicotine types and to gain a better understanding of their respective mechanisms of action.

Vaping is increasingly popular with both adolescent and adult Canadians, but the long-term health impacts remain unknown. We believe that the tools we currently have to detect lung disease in people who vape may be insufficient and propose new ways to find lung injuries that may impact them over the course of their lives. These include exercise testing, new imaging techniques, and new breathing tests that will demonstrate how vaping may harm their lungs. We will use these tools in both adolescent and adult Canadians to give Canadians who vape important information on the consequences of vaping.

Project Summary - tDCS for Vaping Reduction Background: While the prevalence of tobacco smoking has plateaued over the last several years, the prevalence of nicotine vaping (e-cigarettes) continues to increase exponentially in Canada. Originally touted as a safe alternative to smoking, e-cigarette use or vaping is now most popular among youth and young adults. The high prevalence of e-cigarette use, coupled with growing evidence of associated harms and reports of addiction and difficulties in quitting reinforces the urgent need to develop and test methods to attenuate e-cigarette craving as a step towards developing approaches to vaping cessation that are brief, inexpensive and effective. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have become a popular area of research as a treatment option for substance use disorders with growing evidence of their effectiveness for a variety of addictions. One of these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has been shown to decrease cigarette craving and consumption. Thus, the purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using tDCS for vaping reduction in e-cigarette users. Methods: This will be a double-blind sham-controlled randomized trial whereby 40 daily nicotine-containing e-cigarette users will be recruited to undergo 10 consecutive daily sessions of tDCS (Monday to Friday for 2 weeks). Participants will be randomized (1:1) to either sham (0mA) or active tDCS (2mA), with the anode at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cathode at the right DLPFC. The primary outcome is vaping frequency (puffs/day and nicotine pods/week) at end of treatment (2 weeks). The secondary outcome will be e-cigarette craving. Participants will be followed-up via the phone at 1 month and 3 months post randomization respectively. Implication: This will be the first treatment study to target vaping reduction. There are currently no established treatment options for e-cigarette addiction and medications traditionally used for smoking cessation only address withdrawal symptoms and not addiction pathology. Thus, findings from this study may be used to inform future designs of vaping reduction strategies or vaping cessation.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nNVS) on cognitive functioning in the users of e-cigarettes or vaping products. The investigators will use a digital wellness companion product (TRUVAGA™ device) that provides mild transcutaneous nVNS. The participants will be randomized to receive either a 2-min nNVS stimulation or control stimulation in the neck region followed by completion of three cognitive tests of attention and executive function.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a combination of varenicline and accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (aTMS) works to help adults quit using nicotine products. Researchers will compare varenicline + active aTMS to varenicline + sham (inactive) aTMS to see the effect of aTMS on reaching abstinence. The main question it aims to answer is: Does receiving active aTMS + varenicline lead to higher abstinence rates and lower nicotine craving? Participants will be asked to: * Complete 2 brain MRI scans * Take varenicline every day for 12 weeks * Quit using nicotine products at the end of the second week of varenicline * Complete 5 consecutive days (Monday-Friday, uninterrupted) of TMS treatments * Complete 12 brief, weekly follow-up visits * Complete a brief daily survey each day that they take the study drug

This is a crossover, randomized, double-blinded clinical pharmacology study enrolling dual cannabis-tobacco smokers to better understand the combined effects of co-administering cannabis and tobacco. The project aims to describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of marijuana-tobacco co-administration by delivering THC and nicotine in various combinations. This foundational study will establish a research program focused on elucidating the public health consequences of marijuana-tobacco co-use.

This is randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in treatment-seeking adults who report regular e-cigarette use to test the hypothesis that varenicline is efficacious for quitting e-cigarettes.

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate a psychosocial school-based hybrid intervention which includes traditional classroom sessions and online e-learning modules to reduce risk of vaping and prescription drug misuse as part of a broader positive youth development substance use prevention model. Upper elementary schools (N=30) will be randomized to either an intervention group that will receive a hybrid intervention or a treatment-as-usual control group that will receive existing health education programming. At the end of the intervention period, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments, both groups will be compared on changes in behaviors, norms, attitudes, and knowledge regarding vaping and prescription medication use. The main questions the trial aims to answer are: * Does the intervention lower risk of vaping and prescription drug misuse? * Does the intervention increase pro-health norms, attitudes, and knowledge regarding vaping and prescription drug misuse? Participants will: * Attend 1 classroom session per week for 6 weeks (lecture, discussion, small group activities, skills practice). * Complete 1 e-learning module per week for 6 weeks (animated didactic content). * Students attending schools randomized to the control group will attend existing health education programming.

Tobacco smoking in pregnancy is now widely accepted as having adverse health outcomes for both the mother and fetus. Tobacco smoking in pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm birth as well as low birthweight, respiratory infections, wheeze and asthma in childhood. E-cigarettes are a popular method for trying to quit smoking in Ireland and there has been an explosion in the use of e-cigarettes over the past ten years. However, there is currently insufficient evidence on their long-term safety and effectiveness as a smoking cessation tool. E-cigarettes contain varying combinations of compounds and flavours which are used differently in different e-cigarette types, with unknown long-term effects. Research has shown that pregnant women perceive e-cigarettes to be a healthier option when compared with tobacco smoking. But, there is very little known about the long-term health impact of exposure of unborn babies to e-cigarettes during pregnancy. The ECHO study will determine what the long-term health outcomes are in children born to mothers who use e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Specifically, we will focus on birth, nutritional, brain development and respiratory outcomes in children. To answer this research question, the ECHO study will recruit infants born to women who use e-cigarettes during pregnancy across three maternity hospitals and follow them up over 2 years. We will invite women at their booking visit to take part in this research study. We plan to also recruit a similar number of both non-smoking and tobacco smoking pregnant women for comparison. We will record a detailed record of e-cigarette and tobacco use by women during pregnancy as well as checking smoking using special monitoring tools. After the baby is born, we will perform growth measurements, neurocognitive assessments and a respiratory questionnaire at 6 months, one year and two years of age.

This prospective study assesses the pulmonary and cardiovascular effets of vaping in adult electronic cigarette users with biannual visits and a 5-year follow-up.