Viral Pneumonia

The OXIGENE study is a research project that aims to better understand how the immune system behaves in people with lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and viral lung infections. By analyzing a single blood sample, the study examines how certain immune cells react during inflammation and infection, and whether lasting changes in these cells influence how strongly the body responds to disease. Although participants do not receive direct medical benefit, the results may help improve future diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases by providing deeper insight into immune responses.

The goal of this Phase 2 study is to assess about the safety, antiviral biomarker responses and efficacy of SNG001 when given to patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation due to a respiratory virus infection. Its ability to speed up virus clearance and reduce mortality, compared with standard of care, will be studied. The study is split into two parts. All participants will receive standard of care in addition to SNG001 or placebo. In Part 1, the safety of SNG001 will be assessed. Participants of 50 years and older will receive study drug or placebo once a day for up to 14 days, whilst in hospital. In Part 2, the primary objective will be the efficacy of SNG001. Participants between 18 and 50 years with an immunocompromising condition and patients over 50 years (with or without an immunocompromising condition) will receive study drug once a day for up to 14 days, whilst in hospital.

Viral pneumonia, including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV), can culminate in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of respiratory failure with high mortality. Uncontrolled local inflammatory response and impaired tissue repair are hallmarks of ARDS. However, lack of in-depth understanding of the immunopathology lead to limited identification of potential 'endotypes' who may benefit from individualized targeted therapies. Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a peculiar lineage of T cells with a wide panel of effector functions. Thus, they emerge as potential key players and appealing targets in ARDS through their potent abilities to modulate immune response at barrier sites and promote tissue repair. Recent data from the investigators and others indicated that MAIT cells are highly activated in patients with Sars-Cov-2 and IAV ARDS, but the associated activation mechanisms and precise functions remain unknown. In this context, the investigators aim at investigating the implication and potential harnessing of MAIT cells in severe viral pneumonias and associated ARDS by with a dedicated clinical study. First, the investigators will perform a comprehensive and longitudinal phenotyping of immune response during viral pneumonia-induced ARDS, including MAIT cells, in blood -and airway compartment for mechanically ventilated patients. To provide more insight into specificity of virally induced pneumonia and ARDS, longitudinal phenotyping of immune response of patients with bacterial pneumonia, and control patients with unrelated ARDS (severe trauma, pancreatitis or major surgery) will also be performed.