White Noise

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of white noise applied during invasive procedures (blood sampling or intravenous access) on pain and physical parameters in infants aged 1-3 months.

Sleep is an important part of the healing process, and patients admitted to the hospital often report poor sleep. Patients have difficulty not only falling sleep, but also staying asleep. Prior studies show that hospital noise may be a contributing factor, and in particular, sound level changes (which refers to an increase in sound above the background/baseline noise level) may cause arousals from sleep. Based on preliminary data, this study aims to use white noise to reduce the number of relevant sound level changes that occur during a night of sleep in the hospital. Using a randomized, cross-over design, the investigators aim to enroll 45 inpatient adults (age ≥ 65 years) to receive "active," white noise (white noised played at 57-60 decibels) on one night of their stay, and "inactive," white noise (white noise played at 45-50 decibels) on an alternate night. Three major primary outcomes will be investigated - 1) objective sleep duration as measured using actigraphy, 2)objectively measured sleep fragmentation using actigraphy, and 3) subjective sleep quality using the Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will include sound level changes in the room (measured using sound meters), as well as morning blood glucose (for diabetic/prediabetic patients) and blood pressure measurements. Delirium will be measured twice daily through the inpatient stay in a secondary analysis to compare levels of sleep fragmentation to delirium incidence.