White Spot Lesion

This randomized controlled trial is held to investigate the effectiveness of two remineralizing agents surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler and fluoride in management of white spot lesions.

Patients with multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment are at increased risk of developing white spot lesions (WSL) and gingivitis. Various preventive strategies have been examined to prevent the development of WSLs. During initial non-surgical periodontal therapy, the use of subgingival air-polishing with erythritol powder has shown promising results in reducing deep pockets and gingival inflammation. The efficacy of its use as monotherapy in preventing WSLs and gingival inflammation in patients during orthodontic treatment, has not yet been tested. The primary objective of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of an air-polishing device used as monotherapy versus ultrasonic instrumentation (the current gold standard procedure) in preventing white spot lesions (WSL) and gingivitis among young patients undergoing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment.

White spot lesions (WSLs) are one of the most common adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatments, affecting up to 97% of patients treated with labial appliances. These early enamel demineralizations, caused by microleakage between enamel and adhesive, can appear as early as the fourth week of treatment. They not only pose aesthetic concerns but also increase the risk of bracket failure. This randomized split-mouth clinical trial compares two bonding systems : the traditional three-step system (Transbond™ XT) and the simplified two-step system (GC Ortho Connect™) to assess their impact on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. The degree of demineralization will be measured using the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) based on intraoral photographs and confirmed with a fluorescence camera (C50 Acteon). The aim of the study is to determine whether the simplified bonding protocol can reduce clinical time and saliva contamination risk without increasing enamel demineralization, thus offering a potentially more efficient and conservative approach for orthodontic bonding procedures.

The goal of this clinical trial is to to assess the remineralization potential of Egg shell hydrogel versus fluoride varnish in early carious white spot lesions in anterior primary teeth. The main question it aims to answer is:What is the remineralization potential of egg shell hydrogel on early carious white spot lesions compared to fluoride varnish in anterior primary teeth? Researcher will compare egg shell hydrogel with fluoride varnish to see if it is able to promote lesion remineralization. interventions that will be given to participasnts: egg shell hydrogel \& five percent sodium fluoride varnish

The aim of the study is to measure prevalence of enamel white spot lesions in enamel in young adults after orthodontic treatment.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the treatment effect of vitamin D supplementation and topical fluorides in the population having vitamin D deficiency and Initial Carious Lesions (ICL) on the progression of ICL in teeth. This study aims to observe the changes in the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores, the concentration of salivary proteins, and cariogenic microbes, six months after the interventions. * Group A will get vitamin D supplements and oral hygiene instructions (OHI). * Group B will get vitamin D supplements, topical fluorides, and OHI. * Group C (Control), the vitamin D sufficient group will get topical fluorides and OHI.

Clinical assessment of the effectiveness of two treatment modalities (self-assembling peptide (P11-4) (alone or combined with fluoride) and resin infiltration) for treating white spot lesions