White Spot Lesions [Initial Caries] on Smooth Surface of Tooth

Study on the changes in oral microbiota during orthodontic treatment in patients aged 8-18 years. Orthodontic patients treated at Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 2025 to March 2027 will be recruited. Prior to orthodontic treatment, routine preoperative examinations will be conducted, informed consent forms will be signed, baseline oral conditions will be recorded, and oral and psychological-related questionnaires will be completed. Patients will be informed of the need for regular oral hygiene check-ups, caries risk assessments will be performed, and plaque, saliva, and intraoral photographs will be collected. During orthodontic treatment, plaque samples will be collected every 3 months, and saliva samples will be collected every 6 months until the treatment is completed to evaluate the changes in oral microbiota throughout the orthodontic process.

This randomized clinical trial aimed to test the remineralization effect of laboratory prepared Moringa Oleifera based varnish compared to MI varnish (CPP-ACP) on incipient carious lesions. The study could include any of the following participants: age: 25-35 years, males or females, presentation with at least one active WSLs on the study teeth at the start of the study, good oral hygiene, co-operative patients approving to participate in the trial, have sufficient cognitive ability to understand consent procedures. The main question it aims to answer is in patients with initial caries lesions will Moringa Oleifera varnish have same remineralization efficacy as MI Varnish after 6 months follow up? MI varnish will be used as a comparator as it has been shown in many studies to be superior to fluoride varnish with NaF alone in arresting early caries lesions. The active ingredient, CPP-ACP can slowly release, localize and stabilize amorphous calcium, phosphate, and fluoride on the enamel surface which aids in deep mineralization of white spot lesions.