Clinical trials

In this study, researchers will learn more about the use of felzartamab in participants with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). IgAN is a kidney disease caused by the buildup of an antibody called IgA in the kidneys over time. In people with IgAN, abnormal IgA and other antibodies form clusters that build up in the small filters of the kidneys, which leads to inflammation and damage. Felzartamab is designed to target certain immune cells that produce these abnormal antibodies. This study will focus on participants who have protein in their urine (proteinuria) as a result of damaged kidneys. The main goal of the study is to learn about the effect felzartamab has on proteinuria. The main question that researchers want to answer is: • How much does the amount of protein in the urine change from the start of the study to Week 36? Researchers will learn about the effect felzartamab has on the kidneys' ability to filter blood. They will also learn more about the safety of felzartamab and how it is processed by the body. The study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. * Participants will be randomized to receive either felzartamab or a placebo. A placebo looks like the study drug but contains no real medicine. * Neither the researchers nor the participants will know what the participants will receive. * Participants will receive felzartamab or placebo as intravenous (IV) infusions. The treatment period will last 24 weeks. * Afterwards, participants will enter a follow-up period which will last 80 weeks. * In total, participants will have 17 study visits. Participants will stay in the study for about 2 years.

In this study, researchers will learn more about a drug called felzartamab in people who have received a kidney transplant and later developed a condition called microvascular inflammation (MVI). MVI is a type of injury to small blood vessels in the transplanted kidney and may be a sign of rejection by the body. It can lead to serious kidney problems over time. In many cases, MVI is caused by antibodies that attack the transplanted kidney. But in some people, MVI happens without these antibodies. This type of MVI is called isolated MVI. There are currently no approved treatments for isolated MVI. The main goal of the study is to learn about the effect felzartamab has on inflammation in the transplanted kidney. The main question researchers want to answer is: • How many participants have no signs of active inflammation in the transplanted kidney after 24 weeks of treatment with felzartamab? Researchers will also study how felzartamab affects kidney function, immune activity, and overall health. They will monitor safety through kidney biopsies, lab tests, and by recording adverse events throughout the study. Adverse events are health problems that may or may not be caused by the study drug. The study will be done in 2 parts as follows: * Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either felzartamab or a placebo. A placebo looks like the study drug but contains no real medicine. * In Part A, participants will receive their assigned drug for 24 weeks. Neither the researchers nor the participants will know who is receiving felzartamab or placebo. * Part B will last another 28 weeks. All participants will receive felzartamab and both participants and researchers will know this. * All treatments will be given by intravenous (IV) infusion at the study site. * Participants will have kidney biopsies at the start of the study, at Week 24, and at Week 52 to help measure changes in inflammation. * Participants will stay in the study for about 1 year.

In this study, researchers will learn how the body processes a study drug called BIIB144. This is a "first-in-human" study. This means that this study drug will be given to people for the first very time in this study. These studies are important because they help researchers learn about the safety of the study drug, how the body processes it, and what dose might be appropriate before testing it in larger groups. The main goal of this study is to learn more about the safety of a single dose of BIIB144 compared to a placebo. A placebo is something that looks like the study drug but does not contain any medicine. A placebo is also given in the same way as the study drug. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: How many participants have adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)? An AE is a health problem that may or may not be caused by the study drug. Researchers will also learn more about: * How the body processes BIIB144 compared to placebo. This study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period will be up to 28 days, after which eligible participants will check into their study research center. * Participants will stay at their study research center for about 8 days. Afterwards, they will have up to 13 visits to their study research center. * This will be a "dose escalation" study. In this kind of study, increasing amounts of study drug are given to different groups of participants. Usually, this is done until researchers find the highest dose that does not cause harmful effects. In this study, the number of dose groups and maximum dose are planned in advance. The dose escalation will stop once these planned groups are done or if safety concerns arise. * There will be a total of 6 groups. In each group, participants will receive a single dose of either BIIB144 or the placebo through an intravenous (IV) needle. * Throughout the study, participants will give blood and urine samples. Participants will also have physical exams and answer questions about how they are feeling. * Each participant will be in the study for up to 44 weeks.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the use of felzartamab in participants with primary membranous nephropathy, also known as PMN. In people with PMN, autoantibodies build up in the glomeruli of the kidney. Antibodies are proteins that help the body fight off infection. An autoantibody is a type of antibody that mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own tissues. Glomeruli are the filters of the kidney that remove waste and extra fluid from the body. In PMN, the build-up of autoantibodies in the glomeruli causes damage to the kidneys. Kidney damage can lead to too much protein and blood leaking into the urine. High levels of protein in the urine, called proteinuria, are common in people with PMN. Symptoms of PMN can include swelling in the legs and body, tiredness, and high blood pressure. If left untreated, PMN can eventually lead to kidney failure. In this study, researchers will learn more about how a study drug called felzartamab affects people with PMN. Felzartamab is a monoclonal antibody, which means it is an antibody made in a laboratory. Felzartamab can target immune cells that produce autoantibodies, helping to lower their buildup in the kidneys. The main goal of this study is to compare how felzartamab works compared to a drug called tacrolimus. Tacrolimus is another drug given to people with PMN and kidney disease. The main question that researchers want to answer is: * How many participants achieve a complete response after 104 weeks of treatment? * A complete response means that their urine protein levels decrease to a low level and their kidney function remains stable. Researchers will also learn about: * How long it takes before the participants' disease gets worse * How long the participants' urine protein levels stay low * How many participants develop antibodies against felzartamab in the blood? * How many participants achieve a complete response after 76 weeks of treatment * How many participants have medical problems during the study * How felzartamab is processed by the body * How felzartamab affects participants' tiredness and overall physical health The study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. This may take up to 42 days. * Participants will be randomized to receive either felzartamab as intravenous (IV) infusions or tacrolimus, taken orally as tablets. * If participants have worsening kidney function or worsening proteinuria, or if their PMN relapses, or if they show no signs of improvement in their PMN, they will have a chance to receive rescue treatment. * If a participant stops treatment early, there will be follow-up visits every 12 weeks until they reach Week 104. * In total, participants will have up to 23 study visits. Participants who do not need rescue treatment will stay in the study for up to 104 weeks. Participants who need rescue treatment will stay in the study for up to 156 weeks.

In this study, researchers will learn more about omaveloxolone, also known as BIIB141 or SKYCLARYS®. Omaveloxolone is already approved for people with Friedreich's Ataxia (FA) who are 16 years of age or older. However, it is not yet available for younger teens and children. The main goal of this study is to learn how omaveloxolone affects symptoms of FA and its safety in younger participants between the ages of 2 and 15 years old. The main questions researchers want to answer in this study are: * How does omaveloxolone affect the participants' FA symptoms? * How many participants have adverse events during the study? * Are there any changes in the participants' overall health or heart health? Adverse events are health problems that may or may not be caused by the study drug. Researchers will use the modified Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (mFARS) to test nerve function. The mFARS tests movement ability, balance, coordination, speech, and arm and leg functions. They will also use a number of questionnaires to learn more about participants' quality of life, muscle strength, and ability to perform daily tasks. Researchers will also note any changes as participants go through puberty. Finally, researchers will learn more about how the body processes omaveloxolone in children and teenagers. This study will be done in 2 parts as follows: * Participants will be screened for up to 4 weeks to check if they can join the study. * In Part 1, participants will be randomly assigned to take either omaveloxolone or a placebo by mouth once a day for about 1 year. A placebo looks like the study drug but contains no real medicine. * Part 1 will be double blind. This means that the participants, study doctor, and site staff will not know if the participants are receiving omaveloxolone or a placebo. * Including screening, participants will have up to 9 clinic visits and 1 phone call during Part 1. If a participant does not join Part 2, they will have another safety follow-up phone call a month after their last dose of omaveloxolone. * Participants who complete Part 1 will move onto Part 2 where everyone will receive omaveloxolone for about 2 years. * During Part 2, participants will have up to 8 clinic visits and 1 phone call. Participants will also have a follow-up phone call about a month after they stop taking omaveloxolone. * In total, participants will have up to 17 clinic visits and 3 phone calls. Each participant will be in the study for up to 3 years.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the safety and effects of BIIB115, also known as salanersen. Specifically, researchers will learn more about how salanersen works in babies who have already been treated with onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) after being diagnosed with SMA. Most people with SMA have changes in a gene called survival motor neuron 1, also known as SMN1. These changes lower the amount of SMN protein in their bodies. Without enough of this protein, motor neurons and muscles cannot work properly. A similar gene called SMN2 can help replace some of the lost SMN protein in the body. Salanersen works by helping the SMN2 gene to make more SMN protein. OA works by replacing the missing or abnormal SMN1 gene. Sometimes, OA treatment may not work as well as expected. As a result, researchers are exploring whether giving another drug after OA could lead to better outcomes for people with SMA. In this study, participants will have 2 SMN2 copies. The higher the copy number, the less severe the participant's SMA is. They will also have received treatment with OA by the time they were 42 days old and before showing any symptoms of SMA. The main goal of the study is to learn more about the safety of giving salanersen to babies after OA treatment. Researchers will also learn more about whether salanersen can help make SMA symptoms less serious. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: • How many participants have adverse events and serious adverse events after treatment? Researchers will also learn more about: * The effects on participants' motor symptoms and how many new movement milestones participants achieve. * How many participants stay free of SMA symptoms. * How much neurofilament protein is found in the blood after treatment. * How much salanersen gets into the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. * How much salanersen gets into the blood. Researchers will use different tests to learn if motor symptoms are changing, including the World Health Organization (WHO) motor milestones and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) Section 2 motor milestones. The study will be done in 2 parts. Part A will last 1 year while Part B will last up to 4 years. The study will be done as follows: * First, participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period will be up to 6 months. Participants must have received OA treatment before the age of 42 days and started screening within 6 months of the OA dose. * Participants will be assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups by chance. This is a "double blind" study which means neither the participants, study doctor, nor site staff will know which treatment group the participants are assigned to. * In this study, salanersen will be given as an intrathecal injection, which is an injection into the fluid surrounding the spine. This is done by a procedure called a lumbar puncture (LP) which involves inserting a needle into the lower back into the space around the spinal cord. * During Part A, one group will receive 80 milligrams (mg) of salanersen while another group receives a sham (fake) procedure. This means that a small needle prick will be done, but no injection will be given. * For each participant, the first visit of Part A will be 6 months after they receive OA treatment. * Part A will have up to 6 clinic visits and 2 phone calls and last up to 1 year. * During Part B, both groups of participants will receive 80 mg of salanersen once a year. * Part B will have up to 12 clinic visits and 14 phone calls and last up to 4 years. * In total, participants will be in the study for up to 5 and a half years.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the effects and safety of BIIB115, also known as salanersen. Specifically, researchers will learn more about how salanersen works in babies who have been diagnosed with SMA through genetic testing but have not yet started showing signs or symptoms. Most people with SMA have changes in a gene called survival motor neuron 1, also known as SMN1. These changes lower the amount of SMN protein in their bodies. Without enough of this protein, motor neurons and muscles cannot work properly. A similar gene called SMN2 can help replace some of the lost SMN protein in the body. Salanersen works by helping the SMN2 gene to make more SMN protein. In this study, participants will have either 2 SMN2 copies or 3 SMN2 copies. The higher the copy number, the less severe the participant's SMA is. The main goal of this study is to see if starting salanersen before signs or symptoms appear can prevent signs or symptoms of SMA or make them less severe. Researchers will use different tests to learn if motor symptoms are changing, including the World Health Organization (WHO) motor milestones. The main questions researchers want to answer in this study are: * How many participants with 2 copies of the SMN2 gene can sit without support at 12 months? * How many participants with 3 copies of the SMN2 gene can walk alone at 18 months? Researchers will also learn more about: * The effects on participants' motor symptoms and how many new movement milestones participants achieve. * How many participants stay free of SMA symptoms * How much salanersen gets into the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. * How much salanersen gets into the blood. * How many participants have adverse events or serious adverse events. Adverse events are health problems that may or may not be caused by the study drug. This study will be done as follows: * First, participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period will be up to 28 days. * This is an "open label" study. This is a study in which the participants, study doctor, and site staff know which study drug participants are receiving. In this study, all participants will receive salanersen through an intrathecal injection, or one that is given into the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. * There will be 2 parts in this study. During Part 1, participants will receive 2 doses of salanersen, about 12 months apart from each other. Part 1 will last up to 25 months. * During Part 2, participants will continue to receive salanersen. They will receive up to 3 doses, 12 months apart from each other. Part 2 will last up to 36 months. * During Part 1, participants will have up to 11 clinic visits and up to 3 phone calls. During Part 2, participants will have up to 7 clinic visits and up to 12 phone calls.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the safety of BIIB142 and how it is processed in the body. This is the first time that researchers will learn about BIIB142 and how it affects people. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: • How many participants have adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)? An AE is a health problem that may or may not be caused by a drug during the study. An AE is considered serious when it results in death, is life-threatening, causes lasting problems, or requires hospital care. Researchers will also learn more about: • How the body processes BIIB142 This is a "dose escalation study." This is a study in which increasing amounts of the study drug are given to different groups of participants. This is done until researchers find the highest dose that does not cause harmful effects. First, participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period will be up to 28 days. This study will be split into 2 parts - Part A and Part B. During Part A: * Participants will be randomly placed into 1 of 6 groups to receive a single dose of either BIIB142 or a placebo. A placebo looks like the study drug but contains no real medicine. * Participants in Groups 1 through 5 will take either BIIB142 or the placebo without food. Participants in Group 6 will take 2 doses of their assigned treatment - once with food and once without food. * Neither the researchers nor the participants will know if the participants will receive BIIB142 or the placebo. * Participants will stay at their study research center for 5 days. They will return for another 4 visits. Each participant in Part A will be in the study for up to 58 days. During Part B: * Participants will be randomly placed into 1 of 3 groups to receive BIIB142 or the placebo. In Part B, participants will take BIIB142 or the placebo once a day for 14 days. * Neither the researchers nor the participants will know if the participants will receive BIIB142 or the placebo. * Participants will stay at their study research center for 16 days. They will return for another 4 visits. Each participant in Part B will be in the study for up to 58 days.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the safety of BIIB141, also known as omaveloxolone or SKYCLARYS®. This is a drug available for doctors to prescribe for people with Friedreich's Ataxia, also known as FA. This is known as an "observational" study, which collects health information about study participants without changing their medical care. Participants for this study will be found using a group called the Friedreich's Ataxia Global Clinical Consortium (FA GCC) UNIFIED Natural History Study (UNIFAI). The FA-GCC is a group of study research centers that helps provide clinical care for FA patients and also helps researchers learn more about how FA affects patients over a long time. The main objective of this study is to collect safety information in participants with FA from UNIFAI. Some of the participants in this study will be prescribed BIIB141 for the first time by their own doctors. Some of the participants will have started taking BIIB141 after joining UNIFAI, but less than 12 months before joining this study. The main questions researchers want to answer in this study are: * How many participants had serious adverse events (SAEs)? An adverse event is considered serious when it results in death, is life-threatening, causes lasting problems, or requires hospital care. * How many participants had adverse events (AEs) related to heart failure or liver damage caused by the drug? Researchers will also learn more about : • Why and when participants stopped treatment, left the study, or took more of the drug than was prescribed This study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. * After joining the study, the participants who had never started BIIB141 treatment before must start it within 6 months. Otherwise, all participants will take BIIB141 throughout this study as prescribed by their own doctor. * During the study, each participant's doctor will decide how often the participant visits the study research center to check on their health. This will be based on the doctor's own clinical judgment and what is recommended by the drug's label. * Data from the participants' regular visits to their doctor will be collected at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months, 48 months, and 60 months. * Each participant will be in the study for up to 5 years.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the effects and safety of BIIB115, also known as salanersen. Specifically, researchers will learn more about how salanersen works in individuals with SMA who are between the ages of 15 and 60 years old. In most people living with SMA, changes to or a lack of a gene called survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) - often referred to as gene mutations or variants - affect how this gene works. As a result, their bodies produce less SMN protein. Without enough of this protein, motor neurons and muscles cannot work properly. There is a similar gene called SMN2 that produces SMN protein, but it usually does not produce enough SMN protein on its own to make up for the changes in the SMN1 gene. Salanersen is a drug designed to help the SMN2 gene to make more working SMN protein. In this study, there will be 2 groups of participants: a group who has never received treatment for SMA before joining this study, and a group who has been treated with risdiplam, an approved drug for SMA . Those participants must not have received any other SMA treatments before and will need to stop their risdiplam treatment for the duration of the study. The main goal of this study is to learn more about how salanersen affects the participants' motor function. Researchers will use different tests and questionnaires to learn if motor function is changing over the study duration. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: • For the group who has never been treated for SMA, how much do scores on the HFMSE movement test change at 12 months compared to the beginning of the study? The Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale - Expanded (HFMSE) has 33 activities that are scored which include sitting, lying down, walking, jumping, and more. Researchers will also learn more about: * The effects on participants' motor function and how well their nerves and muscles function. * The effects on participants' overall sense of change and how they perform daily activities. * How many participants have adverse events or serious adverse events. Adverse events are health problems that may or may not be caused by the study drug. * How much salanersen gets into the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. * How much salanersen gets into the blood. This study will be done as follows: * First, participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period may be up to 4 weeks. * This is an "open-label" study. This is a study in which the participants, study doctor, and site staff will know that participants are receiving salanersen. * All participants will receive salanersen through an intrathecal injection, or one that is given into the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. * Participants will receive salanersen once every year for a total of 5 times throughout the study. * Including screening, participants will have 17 study visits and 9 telephone calls during this study, which will last up to 61 months in total.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the safety of tofersen, also known as Qalsody®. This is a drug available for doctors to prescribe for participant with a certain type of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as ALS. This type is in participant who have a mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene, also known as SOD-1. This is known as an "observational" study, which collects health information about study participants without changing their medical care. Participants for this study will be found using 2 different groups of study research centers that help provide clinical care for participant with ALS. These groups are in Europe and the United States and are called: * the Precision-ALS programme * the ALS/Motor Neuron Disease (MND) Natural History Consortium (NHC) The main goal of this study is to collect safety information in participants with SOD-1 ALS who were in either of the groups. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: * What are the characteristics of the participants in this study? * How many participants had serious adverse events (SAEs), including ones that affect the brain, spinal cord, or nerves? An adverse event is a health problem that may or may not be caused by a drug during the study. An adverse event is considered serious when it results in death, is life-threatening, causes lasting problems, or requires hospital care. Researchers will also learn more about: * How many participants develop other health conditions or become pregnant, including how the pregnancy turned out * Why and when participants stopped treatment This study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. * Data from the participants' regular visits to their clinic will be collected based on which study research center they are in. * Each participant will be in the study until they decide to leave or until death. Currently, the study is planned to last at least 7 years.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the study drugs diroximel fumarate (DRF) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in children with MS who may be experiencing relapses. Participants will be divided into 2 groups based on their weight: * Group A will include children who weigh 40 kilograms (kg) or less. They will receive DRF in both Part 1 and Part 2 of the study. * Group B will include children who weigh more than 40 kg. They will be randomly assigned to receive DRF, DMF, or fingolimod. Fingolimod is a drug already used to treat MS in adults. In Part 2, they will receive DRF. This is a 2-part study. Part 1 treatment will last 96 weeks. Participants who complete Part 1 may move to Part 2. Part 2 is an extension period. Treatment will last another 96 weeks and will help researchers learn about the long-term safety and effects of treatment. The main goal of the study is to learn about the safety of DRF and DMF and compare their effect on relapses and brain lesions with fingolimod. The main questions researchers want to answer are: * How many participants have adverse events and serious adverse events? * How often do participants relapse after treatment with DRF and DMF compared to fingolimod? Researchers will take brain imaging scans to check for any new areas of brain inflammation and compare the brain lesions before and after treatment. Researchers will also measure the amount of drug in the blood to understand how the body processes it. To check safety, they will monitor participants' growth and development, and compare changes in heart tests, vital signs, and lab tests. They will also use rating scales to monitor depression symptoms. The study will be done as follows: Part 1 (Treatment Period) * After screening, participants will join Part 1 and be divided into 2 groups based on their weight. * Participants in Group A will receive DRF. * Participants in Group B will be randomly assigned to receive either DRF, DMF, or fingolimod. * Neither the researchers nor the participants will know which drug or dose the participants will receive in Group B. Participants in Group B will also receive a placebo so they do not know which drug is being given. A placebo looks like a study drug but contains no real medicine. * All study drugs will be taken by mouth, once or twice a day. Participants who take DRF or DMF will start with a lower dose during the 1st week, then move to a standard dose. * Treatment in Part 1 will last for 96 weeks. Participants will have up to 11 study visits and 7 phone calls. * Participants who do not move onto Part 2 will also have a safety follow-up period of 4 to 8 weeks. This will include 1 study visit and 1 phone call. * The total length of Part 1, including the screening, treatment, and follow-up, will be up to 108 weeks. Part 2 (Extension Period) * Participants who complete Part 1 can move on to Part 2 of the study. * All participants in Part 2 will receive DRF by mouth for 96 weeks. * Participants will have up to 10 more study visits and 1 telephone call during treatment. * They will also have a 4-week safety follow-up, including 1 study visit and 1 phone call. * The total length of Part 2 will be up to 100 weeks.

In this PIERRE-PK study, researchers will learn how the body processes nusinersen when it is given through the ThecaFlex DRx™ System, compared to when nusinersen is given by lumbar puncture (LP). The ThecaFlex DRx system is an investigational implantable medical device developed by Alcyone Therapeutics, Inc. It consists of a catheter, which is a flexible tube, connected to a port which is placed under the skin. Alcyone Therapeutics, Inc. has an ongoing study called PIERRE to test the ThecaFlex DRx system. Participants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in the PIERRE study may be enrolled in the PIERRE-PK study. The main objective of the PIERRE-PK study is to learn how the body processes nusinersen when given by the ThecaFlex DRx system compared to a lumbar puncture. The main questions researchers want to answer are: * What is the highest amount of nusinersen found in the blood after dosing? * How much nusinersen is found in the blood over the first 24 hours after dosing? The PIERRE-PK study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period will be up to 30 days for this study and may overlap with the PIERRE study. * Participants will receive a dose of nusinersen by lumbar puncture. * The ThecaFlex DRx system will be implanted after the lumbar puncture, as part of the PIERRE study. * Participants will receive a dose of nusinersen by the ThecaFlex DRx system, as part of the PIERRE study. * Researchers will take blood samples before and after each dose. The last blood sample will be taken 24 hours after the dose. * The total study duration for each participant in the PIERRE-PK study will be approximately 5 months. This period will overlap with the participant's first 5 months in the PIERRE study.

In this study, researchers will know more about the effects of nusinersen, also known as Spinraza®, in pregnant participants with spinal muscular atrophy, also known as SMA. This is a drug available for doctors to prescribe for people with SMA. Due to the current treatment options that exist, people with SMA may now reach the age where they can become pregnant. But, there is not enough information known yet about what the effects of nusinersen may be on pregnant people with SMA or on their babies. This is known as an "observational" study, which collects health information about study participants without changing their medical care. The pregnant participants for this study will be found using 3 different groups of SMA study research centers: * ISMAR-US (International SMA Registry in the United States) * UK Adult SMA-REACH (Adult SMA Research and Clinical Hub in the United Kingdom) * SMArtCARE (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland) The main goal of this study is to collect birth and health information from 3 groups of participants and their babies. These groups are: * Those who received nusinersen 14 months before the first day of their last period before getting pregnant * Those who received nusinersen 14.5 months before the day they got pregnant * Those who received nusinersen during any time in their pregnancy The main questions researchers want to learn about in this study are: * Loss of pregnancy overall * Loss of pregnancy before the baby was 20 weeks old * Loss of pregnancy after the baby becomes 20 weeks old * Live births * Loss of the baby after birth * Babies who have problems in their body that develop during pregnancy * Babies who are small for their age while in the participant's uterus * Pregnancy that happens outside of the uterus * How many participants die during pregnancy, while the baby is being born, and up to 12 weeks after delivering the baby * Babies who develop problems in their body after birth Researchers will also compare this information to people without SMA who have not received nusinersen. This study will be done as follows: * Information will start being collected when the participant decides to join the study. * Participants will be contacted at each trimester (about every 3 months) to learn about their health and pregnancy. * Participants' doctors will be contacted at each trimester, when the participants are about 6 or 7 months pregnant, and about 4 weeks after the delivery of the baby. * The babies' doctors will be contacted when the baby is 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months old. * Each participant will be in the study until the end of their pregnancy and for up to 12 weeks after delivery. Each baby will be in the study for up to 2 years after birth. * The study overall will last at least 10 years from when the first participant joins the study.

In this study, researchers will learn for the first time about the safety of a study drug called BIIB145 and how the body responds to it. This is a "Phase 1" study. This kind of study is an early step in clinical research where the goal is to focus on the safety of the study drug. Another goal may be to learn how the study drug is processed by the body. BIIB145 was designed to help people with multiple sclerosis (MS). But, before it can be tested in people with MS, it must first be tested in healthy volunteers to learn about its safety and other effects. The main goal of this study is to learn about the safety of BIIB145 and how it is processed by the body, with or without food. The main questions researchers want to answer are: * How many participants have adverse events and serious adverse events during the study? An adverse event is a health problem that may or may not be caused by the study drug. * How does BIIB145 affect the participants' overall health? Researchers will also learn more about: * How BIIB145 is processed by the body, with or without food. This study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period will be up to 28 days, after which participants will check into the study research center. * There will be 3 parts to this study. * Part 1: Participants will take a single dose of BIIB145 or a placebo after not eating overnight. A placebo is something that looks like the study drug but does not contain any medicine. A placebo is also given in the same way as the study drug. Participants in Part 1 will be in the study for up to 42 days. * Part 2: This part of the study will have a "crossover" design. This means that all participants in Part 2 will all take BIIB145 twice, once with food and once without food. When taken with food, they will finish a meal about 30 minutes before their dose. Without food, they will not eat overnight before taking their dose. But, the order in which they take BIIB145 with or without food depends on the group to which they are randomly assigned. Participants in Part 2 will be in the study for up to 56 days. * Part 3: Participants will take a dose of BIIB145 or the placebo once a day for 14 days. For each dose, participants will not eat overnight before taking it. Participants in Part 3 will be in the study for up to 56 days. * For Part 1, participants will stay at the study research center for 4 days after screening. There will be 2 other visits to the center to check on participants' health on Day 7 and Day 14. * For Part 2, at 2 different times, participants will stay at the center for a period of 4 days at a time, after screening. There will be a break of about 7 days between stays. There will be 3 other visits to the center to check on their health on Day 7 (of each period) and on Day 14. * For Part 3, participants will stay at the center for 17 days after screening. There will be 2 other visits to the center to check on their health on Day 21 and Day 28.

In this study, researchers will learn how postpartum depression symptoms may change after people first start taking zuranolone. This is a drug available for doctors to prescribe for people with postpartum depression, also known as PPD. After giving birth, people with PPD can suffer from symptoms like tiredness, sadness, and a loss of interest in their daily activities. This is known as an "observational" study, which collects health information about study participants without changing their medical care. Participants for this study will be found in the United States using a database from Accredo Specialty Pharmacy. This will include anyone who has a new prescription for zuranolone and were pregnant in the last 12 months before joining the study. The main goal of this study is to learn more about how zuranolone affects the participants' PPD symptoms. This will be done using a questionnaire called the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, also known as the EPDS. The main question that researchers want to answer is: • Do PPD symptoms change after treatment with zuranolone based on EPDS scores measured at Day 15? Researchers will also learn about : * Changes in participants' EPDS scores at Day 45 and Day 90 in the study * Changes in EPDS scores at Day 15, Day 45, and Day 90 in a group of participants who have moderately severe PPD before starting zuranolone * How many participants breastfeed their babies while taking zuranolone * How many participants report not starting new medicine after finishing their zuranolone treatment The study will be done as follows: * People with PPD who get a new zuranolone prescription through Accredo Specialty Pharmacy will be contacted by email or phone to ask them about their interest in participating in the study. * Before taking their first dose of zuranolone, participants will be asked to answer written questions about their symptoms using the online EPDS survey. They will also answer other survey questions about their background, environment, and general health information. Participants must take their first dose of zuranolone within 7 days of joining the study. * Participants will then be asked to answer questions using the EPDS survey, 15 days, 45 days, and 90 days after taking the first dose of zuranolone. Each survey will take about 10-15 minutes to finish.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the safety of tofersen, also known as Qalsody®. This is a drug available for doctors to prescribe for people with a certain type of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as ALS. This type is in people who have a mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene, also known as SOD-1. This is known as a "postmarketing" study. In this kind of the study, the goal is to learn more about how a drug works after it has been approved for use in the general public. Tofersen was approved in China in September 2024. The main goal of this study is to collect long-term safety information in Chinese participants with SOD-1 ALS. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: • How many participants have adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)? An AE is a health problem that may or may not be caused by a drug during the study. An AE is considered serious when it results in death, is life-threatening, causes lasting problems, or requires hospital care. Researchers will also learn more about : * How the body processes tofersen. * How much tofersen is found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or the fluid that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. This study will be done as follows: * Participants will be screened to check if they can join the study. The screening period will be up to 4 weeks. * After joining the study, participants will receive the first 3 doses of 100 milligrams (mg) of tofersen about 14 days apart. This will be given through an intrathecal (IT) injection. This means it will be given into the fluid surrounding the spine. * After that, participants will receive 10 more doses every 28 days through IT injections. Participants will have up to 13 total doses of tofersen in this study. * Participants will have up to 15 visits to their study research center. Each participant will be in the study for up to 52 weeks (1 year).

The primary objectives of the study are to estimate the risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) in infants born to women with multiple sclerosis (MS) who were exposed to diroximel fumarate (DRF) at any time from 2 weeks after the first day of their last menstrual period (LMP) up through the first trimester of pregnancy and to comparatively evaluate pregnancy outcomes with MCMs in women with MS who were exposed to DRF at any time from 2 weeks after the first day of their LMP through the first trimester of pregnancy with the following: i) women with MS who were unexposed to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and, ii) women with MS who were exposed to other DMTs (e.g., Avonex and Tysabri Pregnancy Registries). The secondary objective of the study is to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women with DRF exposure at any time from 2 weeks after the first day of their LMP through the end of pregnancy compared with the following: i) women with MS who were unexposed to DMTs, ii) women with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exposure, iii) women with MS who were exposed to other DMTs (e.g., Avonex and Tysabri Pregnancy Registries), and iv) women without MS (e.g., women from external, general population comparators).

In this study, researchers will learn more about how zuranolone affects the symptoms of postpartum depression, also known as PPD. Zuranolone is a drug that healthcare professionals can prescribe for adults with PPD. After giving birth, adults with PPD can suffer from symptoms such as tiredness, sadness, and a loss of interest in their daily activities. This study is known as an observational study, which means it collects health information about study participants after a healthcare professional has already prescribed treatment. Participants for this study will be found in the United States using a database from CVS Specialty Pharmacy. This will include anyone who was prescribed zuranolone between June 2025 and May 2026 and who filled the prescription within 1 year after the end of their pregnancy. The main goal of this study is to learn more about how zuranolone affects the participants' PPD symptoms. This will be measured using a questionnaire completed by participants called the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, also known as the EPDS. A higher score on the EPDS may indicate more severe PPD symptoms. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: \- Do PPD symptoms change after treatment with zuranolone based on EPDS scores measured at Day 15? Researchers will also learn more about: * Changes in participants' EPDS scores from before treatment to Day 45, which is 30 days after treatment ends. * How many participants breastfeed their babies while taking zuranolone * How many participants do not start new medicine after finishing their zuranolone treatment * How many participants take new medicines after finishing zuranolone * How many participants already tried other medicines for their depression symptoms before joining this study * How many participants take other medicines in general while taking zuranolone This study will be done as follows: People who fill their zuranolone prescription through CVS Specialty Pharmacy will be contacted by email or phone to ask them about their interest in participating in the study. Those who agree to take part will answer written questions about their symptoms using the EPDS tool. They will also answer other survey questions about their background, environment, and general health information. Participants must take their first dose of zuranolone within 7 days of joining the study. Participants will then be asked to answer questions using the EPDS tools, 15 days and 45 days after taking the first dose of zuranolone.

In this study, researchers will learn more about the safety of BIIB141, also known as omaveloxolone or SKYCLARYS. This is a drug available for doctors to prescribe for people with Friedrich's Ataxia, also known as FA. This is known as an "observational" study, which collects health information about study participants without changing their medical care. Participants for this study will have taken BIIB141 at any time during pregnancy and/or while breastfeeding or pumping up through the first year after delivery. Participants can join this study on their own or they may be enrolled by their regular doctors. This study is also known as the "SKYCLARYS (Omaveloxolone) Pregnancy and Lactation Surveillance Program." The main objective of this study is to learn more about how BIIB141 may affect pregnancy, as well as any effects on the health of the mother and of the baby during its first year of life. The main question researchers want to answer in this study is: · Does taking BIIB141 during pregnancy or breastfeeding lead to any major birth defects? Researchers will also learn more about: * Does taking BIIB141 during pregnancy or breastfeeding lead to any minor birth defects? * Does taking BIIB141 during pregnancy or breastfeeding affect the following: * Gestational diabetes, a disease that can happen during pregnancy that affects how your body uses sugar * Pre-eclampsia, a pregnancy-related high blood pressure disease * Unborn baby being small for its expected age (usually in weeks) * Loss of an unborn baby * Live birth * Premature birth * Loss of a newborn * Growth or developmental delays in the baby * Serious illness in the baby resulting in hospitalization * Serious infections in the baby, or ones in babies with a weakened immune system This study will be done as follows: * Participants will join the study after signing an informed consent form, also known as an ICF. * During the study, health information from the participants' regular visits to their doctor will be collected based on whether participant joined the study while pregnant or after the baby is born. * Each participant will be in the study for up to 1 year after the birth of their child, unless they decide to leave early. Overall, this study is expected to last at least 10 years.