Clinical trials

The goal of this observational study is to identify which preoperative clinical, ultrasound, and uroflowmetry parameters can help predict the success of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in adult male patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The main questions it aims to answer are: Which preoperative parameters (IPSS, prostate volume, post-void residual urine, Qmax, comorbidities) are associated with successful postoperative outcomes? Can these parameters be used to develop a non-invasive calculator to estimate the likelihood of TURP success? Participants will undergo routine clinical evaluation that is part of standard care, including: * completion of the IPSS questionnaire * digital rectal examination * ultrasound measurement of prostate volume and residual urine * uroflowmetry (Qmax and voided volume) * standard laboratory testing Eligible participants will then undergo TURP as clinically indicated and return for postoperative assessments of symptom improvement and urinary flow parameters.

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate whether body composition abnormalities (sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and obesity) and nutritional status influence the risk of recurrence and progression in adult patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The main questions it aims to answer are: Do sarcopenia, myosteatosis, obesity, or malnutrition increase the likelihood of NMIBC recurrence and progression? Can clinical, laboratory, and CT-derived body composition parameters serve as predictive biomarkers that improve individualized risk stratification? Participants will undergo routine clinical and radiologic assessments, including: * completion of the SARC-F and NRS nutritional screening questionnaires * anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference) * laboratory evaluation including serum albumin and testosterone * CT-based assessment of skeletal muscle index (SMI) and muscle density (SMD) * standard TURBT and structured follow-up with cystoscopy, cytology, imaging, and clinical evaluations to document recurrence and progression.