Clinical trials

Scapular dyskinesia (SD) is a disorder defined by aberrant scapular placement and movement, which can have a substantial impact on athletes' performance, particularly those who participate in throwing sports like Frisbee. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of SD among Frisbee players in Malaysia, assess its effects on various aspects of athletic performance, and evaluate the effectiveness of gamified scapular rehabilitation exercises delivered via a mobile application. This study's approach is divided into three unique phases, where phase one consists of a prevalence and impact assessment using a cross-sectional study design, which will be carried out among several Frisbee clubs in Malaysia. This phase will use several outcome measures to evaluate SD and its impact along with respiratory muscle strength assessments to analyze the potential respiratory outcomes. Phase Two focuses on the creation of a mobile application that would gamify scapular rehabilitation exercises while embracing agile development approaches. The development process will include comprehensive testing procedures to ensure functionality and usability, such as functional testing to verify the application's features, usability testing to assess user experience, data validation to ensure accurate information processing, and regression testing to confirm stability after updates, and user acceptance testing to evaluate performance in real-world scenarios. Phase Three consists of intervention and evaluation by a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the efficacy of the gamified rehabilitation intervention. The intervention, which consists of gamified scapular rehabilitation exercises given via a mobile application, will last eight weeks. Subjects will be followed up after 6 months of the intervention to determine their level of adherence to the rehabilitation.The expected outcomes of this study aim to significantly contribute to the field of sports medicine and rehabilitation by introducing and validating gamified rehabilitation techniques specifically designed for athletes with scapular dyskinesia. The study results are expected to promote the well-being of athletes by improving their sports performance and reducing the risk of injuries. In conclusion, this study not only advances our understanding of SD in athletes but also paves the way for innovative rehabilitation solutions that can be adopted across various sports and settings.

Influence of Square Stepping and BOSU Ball Exercise on Lower Extremity Balance and Strength in Badminton Players: An Expanded Explanation for Patients, Families, and Health Care Providers Badminton is a dynamic and physically demanding sport that requires a unique combination of speed, agility, balance, coordination, and muscular strength. Unlike many other sports, badminton involves frequent and rapid changes in direction, explosive lunges, sudden stops, jumps, and controlled landings, often performed repeatedly within a short period of time. These movements place significant stress on the lower extremities, particularly the ankles, knees, hips, and surrounding muscles. As a result, maintaining good balance and adequate lower limb strength is essential not only for optimal performance but also for injury prevention. This research study focuses on understanding how two specific exercise methods, Square Stepping Exercise (SE) and BOSU Ball Exercise (BE)-can influence lower extremity balance and strength when used together in badminton players. While each of these exercises has already been shown to provide benefits when used individually, their combined effect, particularly in relation to badminton-specific physical demands, has not been well explored. The findings of this study may help athletes, families, coaches, physiotherapists, and other health care providers make informed decisions about training, rehabilitation, and injury prevention strategies. Understanding the Physical Demands of Badminton To appreciate the importance of this study, it is essential to understand the physical demands of badminton. Badminton is often underestimated as a recreational sport; however, at both competitive and recreational levels, it is one of the fastest racket sports in the world. Players must react quickly to the shuttlecock, which can travel at extremely high speeds, and move efficiently across the court using complex footwork patterns. Key physical requirements of badminton include: Dynamic balance, which allows players to maintain body control while moving, lunging, jumping, or landing. Lower limb strength, especially in the quadriceps, hamstrings, calf muscles, and hip muscles, to generate power and absorb forces. Agility and coordination, enabling quick directional changes and precise foot placement. Postural control to stabilize the body during rapid and asymmetrical movements. During a typical rally, a badminton player may perform multiple lunges, side steps, backward steps, and jumps within seconds. These movements are often performed on one leg, increasing the challenge to balance and joint stability. If a player lacks adequate balance or strength, they may struggle to control these movements efficiently, which can negatively affect performance and increase the likelihood of injury. Common Lower Extremity Injuries in Badminton: Because of the sport's high physical demands, badminton players are at risk of various lower extremity injuries. These injuries can occur due to overuse, improper landing mechanics, muscle weakness, or poor balance control. Common injuries include: Ankle sprains are often caused by sudden changes in direction or unstable landings. Knee injuries, such as patellar tendinopathy or ligament strain Muscle strains, particularly in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles Overuse injuries, resulting from repetitive movements without adequate recovery. Many of these injuries are linked to deficits in balance, muscle strength, and neuromuscular control. Improving these physical components through targeted exercise programs is therefore a key focus of sports training and rehabilitation. In badminton, exercises that improve balance and lower limb strength can help players move more efficiently, react faster, and maintain stability during challenging movements. Balance and strength training also improve communication between the nervous system and muscles, which is essential for precise and controlled movements. Square Stepping Exercise (SE) is a structured form of stepping activity performed on a grid or pattern marked on the floor, usually consisting of multiple squares arranged in rows and columns. Participants are instructed to step into specific squares in a particular sequence, moving forward, backward, sideways, or diagonally. A BOSU ball is a training device consisting of a half-sphere dome attached to a flat base. While square stepping and BOSU ball exercises are effective individually, they target balance and strength in slightly different ways. Square stepping focuses more on movement accuracy, coordination, and directional control, whereas BOSU ball exercise emphasizes stability, muscle activation, and joint control under unstable conditions. Combining these two exercises may improve both static and dynamic balance and enhance functional strength relevant to badminton movement efficiency.