Clinical trials

This is a randomized crossover mannequin study comparing two airway management techniques in novice operators: blind endotracheal intubation via the Tulip oropharyngeal airway versus direct laryngoscopy. The study aims to evaluate and compare the success rate and performance characteristics of both methods under simulated conditions in order to assess their effectiveness in airway management training and practice.

This prospective, non-interventional observational study will evaluate the risk of reintubation in adult postoperative patients admitted to the intensive care unit after major surgery. Reintubation after extubation is an important clinical problem because it may increase complications, prolong mechanical ventilation, and extend intensive care and hospital stay. The study will include adult patients who are extubated in the operating room and admitted to the intensive care unit with spontaneous breathing. Within the first hours after ICU admission, bedside ultrasound measurements of diaphragm thickness, parasternal intercostal muscle thickness, and lung ultrasound score will be performed. The ROX index will also be calculated using oxygen saturation, inspired oxygen concentration, and respiratory rate. Perioperative fluid balance will be recorded from anesthesia and patient files. Patients will be followed for 48 to 72 hours after ICU admission to determine whether reintubation is required. The study aims to assess whether respiratory muscle ultrasound findings, lung ultrasound score, ROX index, and perioperative fluid balance can help predict reintubation risk in postoperative ICU patients. No additional treatment or intervention will be applied as part of the study, and all clinical decisions will be made by the responsible intensive care team according to routine clinical practice.

Endometrial sampling is a commonly performed gynecological procedure used for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial abnormalities. Different anesthetic techniques may be used during the procedure, including sedo-analgesia and local anesthesia. The purpose of this prospective observational study is to evaluate whether the anesthetic technique used during endometrial sampling affects female sexual function one month after the procedure. Female sexual function will be assessed using the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. A total of 210 women undergoing endometrial sampling at Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital will be enrolled. Participants will be assigned to groups according to the anesthetic technique used during their routine clinical care. FSFI scores obtained at the one-month follow-up visit will be compared between women who underwent the procedure under sedo-analgesia and those who received local anesthesia. Secondary analyses will include comparison of FSFI scores according to symptom status and histopathological diagnosis. The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of anesthetic techniques on postoperative sexual health and quality of life in women undergoing gynecological procedures.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity. Lactation has been suggested to improve maternal glucose metabolism, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of future glucose intolerance. However, evidence regarding the protective effect of lactation on the development of GDM in subsequent pregnancies remains limited. This prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the association between lactation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and related pregnancy complications in women who conceive during the lactation period. Routine glycemic markers including fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, glycosuria, and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results will be recorded. Ultrasonographic findings including fetal abdominal circumference percentile, estimated fetal weight percentile, and amniotic fluid index will also be assessed. The study will investigate whether lactation is associated with a reduced risk of GDM, fetal macrosomia, and polyhydramnios in subsequent pregnancies.

Although many tests exist for predicting a difficult airway, the search for a test with substantially higher specificity and sensitivity is still ongoing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of modified thyromental distance and modified sternomental distance measurements, scaled according to the patient's own three-finger breadth, in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and difficult tracheal intubation.

During general anesthesia, particularly in patients undergoing spine surgery in the prone (face-down) position, increased intrathoracic and abdominal pressure may reduce lung compliance and promote the development of atelectasis (partial lung collapse). Atelectasis can impair intraoperative oxygenation and may increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARM) are routinely used in anesthesia practice to reopen collapsed lung regions; however, it remains unclear whether periodic application of ARM throughout surgery provides additional benefit compared with standard single-time application. This prospective, randomized controlled clinical study aims to evaluate whether periodic alveolar recruitment maneuvers applied during elective spine surgery in the prone position reduce intraoperative atelectasis and improve respiratory mechanics compared with the standard approach of performing ARM only after positioning and before extubation. Adult patients undergoing elective spine surgery under general anesthesia will be randomly assigned to either a periodic ARM group or a standard ARM group. Lung aeration will be assessed using lung ultrasound, a non-invasive and radiation-free bedside imaging method. The primary outcome is the incidence of intraoperative atelectasis assessed before extubation. Secondary outcomes include lung ultrasound aeration scores, respiratory mechanics parameters (such as airway pressures and compliance), oxygenation indices, and the occurrence of transient intraoperative respiratory or hemodynamic events. The findings of this study may help optimize intraoperative ventilation strategies in prone spine surgery and contribute to improved perioperative respiratory safety.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancer cases. Despite advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage metastatic NSCLC remains poor, with limited therapeutic options after the development of treatment resistance. Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts in a wide range of solid tumors and represents a promising target for tumor-specific theranostic approaches. Gallium-68-labeled FAPI (Ga-68 FAPI) PET/CT has recently demonstrated high sensitivity in imaging primary lung tumors and metastatic lesions. This Phase II study aims to evaluate the safety, feasibility, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of Yttrium-90-labeled FAPI (Y-90 FAPI) radionuclide therapy in patients with chemotherapy-resistant metastatic NSCLC showing significant FAP expression on Ga-68 FAPI PET/CT imaging.

Endometrial sampling with a pipelle is a common procedure used to collect a small sample from the lining of the uterus. During the procedure, the cervix is sometimes held with a surgical instrument called a tenaculum, which may cause pain and anxiety for some women. The Valsalva maneuver is a simple technique in which a person takes a deep breath and pushes as if trying to exhale forcefully. This increases pressure inside the abdomen and may help keep the uterus and cervix more stable during the procedure. This study aims to compare pipelle sampling performed with the Valsalva maneuver to the standard method using a tenaculum. The study will evaluate whether the Valsalva maneuver can reduce pain and anxiety while maintaining procedure success and improving patient satisfaction.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between urinary incontinence severity and surface electromyography (EMG) findings in women with multiple sclerosis. It will also examine the association of urinary incontinence with disability, quality of life, physical activity, and fatigue.

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic pain syndrome that may be resistant to treatment and can lead to physical and social disability as well as psychological disturbances, persisting for years in some patients. Varicella zoster virus remains latent in the sensory neurons of individuals who have previously had chickenpox. Reactivation of the latent virus results in herpes zoster. Herpes zoster typically begins with dermatomal pain, followed within a few days by the development of characteristic dermatomal skin rashes. These cutaneous lesions usually resolve within 2-4 weeks; however, pain may persist even after the rash has healed. There is variability in the literature regarding the definition of PHN. The development of PHN is associated with increased central neuronal sensitization, reduced inhibitory neuronal function, inflammation and nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system, and abnormal neural transmission following nerve damage. PHN is the most common complication of herpes zoster and occurs in approximately 9-19% of affected patients. Its incidence increases with age, occurring in about 2% of patients under 50 years of age, approximately 20% of those over 50 years, and nearly 35% of patients over 80 years of age. Various treatment options are available for the management of PHN-related pain, including pharmacological and interventional approaches. Systemic agents include tricyclic antidepressants, calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligands, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and opioids, while topical treatments include lidocaine and capsaicin. Interventional treatment options for PHN include epidural and intrathecal injections, sympathetic nerve blocks, erector spinae plane block, subcutaneous injections, and spinal cord stimulation.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of first-trimester maternal serum progesterone levels on threatened abortion in women who conceive during the lactation period. Serum progesterone concentrations will be measured in lactating pregnant women during the first trimester, and their association with the etiology of threatened abortion will be analyzed. Threatened abortion is defined as vaginal bleeding occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy and represents a risk for early pregnancy loss. Previous studies have shown that serum progesterone levels may be lower in cases of threatened abortion compared to healthy pregnancies and play an essential role in predicting miscarriage risk. Serum progesterone is therefore considered a useful biomarker for assessing pregnancy viability and prognosis. During lactation, progesterone levels may vary depending on breastfeeding duration and maternal hormonal status, and generally remain low, similar to follicular-phase levels in non-pregnant women. However, normal reference values during lactation are not well established. This study aims to contribute new data to the limited literature on the relationship between lactation, serum progesterone levels, and threatened abortion, and to provide insights that may help improve early pregnancy loss prevention strategies.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of laughter therapy applied to breast cancer patients before surgical intervention on distress, depression and psychological well-being of patients. This research will be carried out as an experimental research with a randomised control group. The population of the study will consist of breast cancer patients diagnosed with breast cancer in a city hospital and scheduled for surgery in the breast-endocrine surgery clinic. The research will be carried out with patients who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study. The sample size for the study was calculated using the G\* Power 3.1.9.7 programme (Faul et al., 2007). In the calculation, since there was no similar study for two-way mixed design analysis of variance, the required sample size was calculated as 48, 24 in each group, based on the medium effect size (effect size f=0.25), 5% margin of error (alpha=0.05), inter-measurement correlation value 0.5 and 80% power (1-β=0.80). Considering the data losses, the number was increased by 20% and a total of 56 patients in the intervention and control groups constituted the sample of the study. Hypothesis(es): H1: The effect of laughter therapy applied to breast cancer patients on distress over time is different in the experimental and control groups. H2: The effect of laughter therapy applied to breast cancer patients on depression over time is different in the experimental and control groups. H3: The effect of laughter therapy applied to breast cancer patients on psychological well-being according to time is different in experimental and control groups. In obtaining the research data; Personal Information Form, Distress Thermometer, Psychological well-being scale prepared by the researchers in line with the literature will be used. The research data will be collected face-to-face through data collection forms from breast cancer patients diagnosed with breast cancer and scheduled for surgery in the breast-endocrine surgery clinic. Individuals who agree to participate in the study and meet the inclusion criteria will be assigned to the experimental and control groups by providing randomisation. Which caregivers will be in the intervention group and which will be in the control group will be determined according to the randomisation table determined by https://www.randomizer.org/ over the internet. Group 1: Intervention Group, Group 2: Control Group. Data collection tools will be applied to the individuals in the experimental and control groups as a pre-test. Individuals in the experimental group will receive laughter therapy three days a week for 30-45 minutes (6 sessions). Individuals in the control group will receive only standard nursing care. Data collection tools will be applied to the individuals in both groups for post-test, 1 and 3-month follow-up tests immediately after all laughter sessions with the experimental group are completed.

Orchiopexy is a surgery with a high frequency in the pediatric population. The use of regional anesthesia techniques has become widespread and its importance has increased in order to provide more effective and prolonged perioperative analgesia, as well as to prevent the side effects of opioids such as respiratory depression and to reduce systemic analgesic consumption. In this study, it was planned to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of routinely applied fascia transversalis plan block and caudal epidural block for analgesia after general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing orchiopexy (unilateral) according to the surgery and suitability of the patient and the competence of the anesthesiologist. ASA I-II, patients who will undergo unilateral orchiopexy under general anesthesia, patients between the ages of 1-7 years, who have no contraindications for block application, and whose participation in the study is accepted by their legal guardian will be included in the study. After induction of general anesthesia and ensuring airway safety with a laryngeal mask, one of the regional anesthesia methods (fascia transversalis plan block or caudal epidural block) deemed appropriate for the patient is applied by the specialist of the room before the surgical incision. Postoperative analgesic needs of the patients and FLACC score will be evaluated at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively.

Major abdominal surgeries are traditionally performed via laparotomy. Analgesia is routinely administered during the postoperative period. The goal is to investigate the effects of laparotomy and analgesia methods on diaphragm function.