Clinical trials

This study aimed to determine the effects of virtual reality and stress ball interventions on procedure-related fear, anxiety, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy. The study is a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. The sample size was calculated to ensure sufficient statistical power to detect an effect size of Cohen's f = 0.333, considering α = 0.05, power (1-β) = 0.80, and number of groups = 3, resulting in 30 participants per group, for a total of 90 patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy. Data will be collected using the "Demographic Information Form," "State Anxiety Inventory," "Procedure-Related Fear Scale," "Visual Analog Scale," and "Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale." Upon admission to the clinic for the procedure, all patients will complete the "Demographic Information Form," "State Anxiety Inventory," and "Procedure-Related Fear Scale" prior to the surgical intervention. Patients in the virtual reality group will view nature scenes with relaxing music via a virtual reality headset in the clinic, with the sound level adjusted according to the patient's preference. Patients in the stress ball group will be instructed to squeeze the ball up to five counts every three counts. The control group will receive the routine pre-procedure procedures and standard care in the clinic. After the procedure, when patients return to the clinic (and are in bed), the "State Anxiety Inventory," "Visual Analog Scale," and "Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale" will be administered. Data analysis will include descriptive statistics and appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests (t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis). A p-value of \<0.05 will be considered statistically significant in comparisons.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the 4-7-8 breathing technique on sleep quality, pain, and recovery quality in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the bladder (TUR-B). The population of the study will consist of patients who undergo TUR-B in the urology clinics of Tarsus State Hospital. In determining the sample size, the number of samples calculated based on the pain variable in reference studies was minimal; therefore, an effect size of 0.80, considered the upper limit, was taken as the basis. Using a power level of 90% and a two-tailed significance level (1-α), the calculation performed with G\*Power (version 3.1) resulted in a minimum total sample size of 68 patients, with 34 patients in each group (study group = 34; control group = 34). Data in the study will be collected using the "Descriptive Characteristics Form," "Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire," "Quality of Recovery-15 Scale," and "Visual Analog Scale." When the researchers visit the patient, they will first provide the "Informed Consent Form" and then have the patient complete the "Descriptive Characteristics Form," "Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire," and "Quality of Recovery-15 Scale." The researcher will then learn from another researcher (MB), who will not be involved in data collection, which group the patient belongs to. Patients in the study group will be taught the 4-7-8 breathing technique by the researchers after their admission to the clinic. The patients will begin the application preoperatively and continue after returning to the clinic following the TUR-B procedure, starting from the 2nd hour after the effects of anesthesia have worn off. Initially, patients will be asked to perform the 4-7-8 breathing technique under the guidance of the researchers, and then continue the practice under researcher supervision. Subsequently, until discharge, patients will perform sets of four breaths every two hours. The control group will receive the routine postoperative procedures and care in the clinic. All patients will be assessed with the "Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire" and "Quality of Recovery-15 Scale" at the 24th hour postoperatively, and with the "Visual Analog Scale" at the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours.

The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery. In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study. Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule. In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated. In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician. In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied. After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of supporting the wound area with a toy during mobilization on pain and fear in children undergoing abdominal surgery. Method: The study was a randomised controlled trial. The study sample consisted of 74 children (Toy: 37, control: 37) who has undergone abdominal surgery between March 2026 and December 2026 at the Mersin University Hospital Pediatric surgery department. The data collection tools used will be the Children Information Form, Wong Baker Pain Scale , Fear scale. In the intervention group, toy will be used after surgery, while the control group will receive routine care. The chils' pain and fear levels will be assessed by the nurse before and after the procedure.

Aim:The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of the side kangaroo position on comfort and physiological parameters in newborns receiving noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Method: The study will be conducted between February 2026 and July 2026 at Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, with infants receiving nCPAP. Newborns scheduled to receive nCPAP will be divided into two groups (Side Kangaroo Position Group: 48, Control Group: 48), comprising a total of 92 newborns. Prior to the procedure, infants will be placed in the side kangaroo position on their mothers' chests; the control group will receive routine clinical care. Infants will be assessed using an "information form" and the "Newborn Comfort Behavior Scale." Vital signs will also be recorded before and after the procedure.

This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial. A total of 40 healthy older adults residing in private and public nursing homes and rehabilitation centers in Mersin will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (Group 1) or the control group (Group 2). The intervention group will receive rehabilitative interactive game-based exercise training, while the control group will receive functional balance exercise training. Both groups will participate in exercise sessions three times per week, with each session lasting 40 minutes, over a period of 8 weeks. Participants will undergo pre- and post-intervention assessments, including: i) clinical tests and measurements for cognitive, functional, and balance evaluation; ii) surface electromyography (sEMG) measurements recorded during the Functional Reach Test (FRT); and iii) biomechanical measurements obtained via integrated inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope) and the Becure game board. Electrophysiological and biomechanical data will be analyzed using statistical comparisons, correlation analyses, and regression models. Variables derived from time, frequency, and time-frequency domain analyses will be examined to identify potential sEMG and biomechanical biomarkers.

Engaging in regular and appropriately structured physical activities is a critical component of an individual's lifestyle and represents a lifelong habit essential for promoting overall well-being. Research increasingly emphasizes the significance of such activities, particularly in the prevention and management of various health conditions (Martin, Richardson, Weiller, \& Jackson, 2004).A sedentary lifestyle is considered one of the most serious health issues faced by individuals in the modern world.Previous research has established high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as an effective method for enhancing cardiovascular health, sparking interest in the relationship between exercise intensity and cognitive function. Most studies to date have focused on treadmill and lower extremity ergometer exercises; however, evidence regarding the efficacy of high-volume upper extremity exercises in improving physical and cognitive performance among sedentary adults remains limited and inconsistent. Upper extremity motor function has been proposed as a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment and may contribute to distinguishing healthy aging trajectories. This study aims to compare the effects of high-volume and low-volume upper extremity exercise in sedentary adults, testing the hypothesis that one exercise regimen may be superior in enhancing both physical and cognitive performance, as well as cognitive function.

In the project, it was aimed to evaluate the proprioceptive system in the disease, which is still mysterious and therefore has no curative treatment under current conditions, and to examine the effects of the video-based proprioceptive home exercise programme on trunk and limb control and daily life activity as well as trunk and limb control. The study was planned to include 20 patients with a definite diagnosis of ALS. Proprioceptive sensory examination will be performed again in these patients, who are currently being followed up with ALS diagnosis and whose physical examination including neurological examination has been performed in detail, and the "Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale" (R-ALSFRS) will be applied to the patients. Subsequently, the patients will be followed up by applying a video-based proprioceptive home exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, a detailed neurological examination including proprioceptive sensation will be performed and the R-ALSFRS scale will be applied. In addition, ALS quality of life scale will be applied to the patients before and after the home programme. The data obtained after the treatment programme will be analysed and interpreted.

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the effect of the use of heated socks to be developed as wearable technology by providing temperature control on body temperature, comfort perception level and shivering development in healthy volunteers and this purpose constitutes the unique value of the project. The research was planned as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomized controlled, double-blind study. The population of the study will consist of 4th year nursing students consisting of an average of 250 people who will enroll in the fall semester of the 2024-2025 academic year. As a result of the power analysis performed in the G\*Power program, the sample will consist of 70 healthy volunteers, at least 35 in each group. In the study, data will be collected with the "Descriptive Characteristics Form" and "Hypothermia Monitoring Form (Shivering Level Diagnosis Form and Temperature Comfort Perception Scale)" which includes the descriptive information of healthy volunteers. Healthy volunteers will fill out the "Introductory Characteristics Form" and "Hypothermia Monitoring Form" before being taken to the Faculty of Nursing Skills Laboratory for the application. Before the volunteers are taken to the single rooms in the laboratory, the environment will be cooled for 30 minutes with the air conditioner in the room so that the temperature is 21oC. The study group will wear socks developed with wearable technology and the control group will wear socks with the same appearance. The healthy volunteer will be asked to lie motionless on the bed for 60 minutes in a single room. Body temperature (with Braun tympanic thermometer), shivering level and temperature comfort perception will be recorded on the "Hypothermia Monitoring Form" when all healthy volunteers are taken to the Skills Laboratory, at 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes, and when they leave the laboratory. The research data will be analyzed in a computer environment. Descriptive variables of healthy volunteers included in the study will be expressed as mean±standard deviation and median (maximum minimum), percentage and frequency. Changes in body temperature measurements obtained after wearing socks to be developed with wearable technology, repeated measurements, analysis of variance (Repeated ANOVA) if parametric, Friedman test if non-parametric, and post-hoc test will be used in intra-group multiple comparison analysis as further analy

Aim: The study was designed to determine the effect of Buzzy® and Shotbloker® application on pain and comfort levels in newborns during heel pricking. Method:The study was a randomised controlled trial. The study sample consisted of 159 newborns (Buzzy: 53, Shotbloker: 53, control: 53) who had heel pricks between March 2025 and December 2025 at the Samandağ State Hospital Neonatal Care Unit. The data collection tools used will be the Newborn Information Form, the Newborn Pain Scale, the Newborn Comfort Behaviour Scale, and the Buzzy® and Shotbloker® devices. In the intervention group, the Buzzy® and Shotbloker® devices will be applied before and after heel pricking, while the control group will receive routine care. The infants' pain and comfort levels will be assessed by the nurse before and after the procedure.

This study was planned to investigate the effects of upper extremity low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT) on physical and cognitive function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).The research was planned as a randomized controlled trial. Patients with clinically stable HFpEF at cardiology clinic will be included in the study. These cases will be randomly divided into two groups: intervention group and control grup. After 8 weeks intervention physical functions before and after treatment; functional exercise capacity, arm exercise capacities , peripheral muscle strength , fatigue cognitive functions; anxiety and depression and fear of movement will be evaluated.

The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effect of cold application used during surgical drain removal on pain, anxiety level and physiological parameters of children aged 9-18 years. The study will be conducted between July 2024 and April 2025 in the Pediatric Surgery Service of Adana City Training and Research Hospital. Pediatric Surgery Service has a capacity of 24 beds and 14 nurses work on a roster basis with 5 nurses during the day and 3 nurses at night. The clinical physician staff consists of 8 pediatric surgery specialists and 1 pediatric urologist. Mostly, acute abdomen, intra-abdominal mass excision, hypospadias surgery and congenital megacolon surgeries are performed. The clinic provides outpatient and emergency services on a 24/7 basis. Data Collection In the study, children treated in pediatric surgery and followed up with drainage system after abdominal surgery will be evaluated in terms of sampling criteria and children who do not meet the criteria will be excluded from the study. Application 1. Phase: The necessary ethics committee and institutional permission will be obtained before starting the study. 2. Stage: The decision to remove the drainage system after the end of function or end of indication is communicated to the investigator by the physician. 3. Stage: After obtaining written informed consent from the child\&amp;#39;s parents for the drain removal procedure, the researcher will explain the drain removal procedure and what will be done during the procedure to the parents. Then the descriptive information form will be filled. 4. Stage: Physiological parameters (pulse, blood pressure, respiration, SPO2 ) of the children will be measured by the researcher before and after the procedure. 5. Before the procedure, the necessary materials (ice pack or warm gel ice, infrared thermometer, gloves, saline, scalpel, clamp, sterile sponge, plaster and scissors) will be prepared and the drainage system will be clamped. 6. The parent and nurse will assess and record the child\&amp;#39;s pain score 15 minutes before, during and 15 minutes after the procedure. The child will be asked to make the same assessments and the results will be recorded.