Clinical trials

Type 2 diabetes is associated with progressive loss of muscle mass, which worsens blood sugar control and increases the risk of heart disease and disability. Resistance training (weight training) has been shown to build muscle and improve blood sugar levels, but most existing programmes use high intensities that are difficult for older or inactive people with diabetes to sustain. This study tests a new resistance training programme called D-STORM (Simplified Total-body Resistance Exercise for Muscular Hypertrophy for Diabetic Population), which uses a lower, more manageable training load designed to be safe, tolerable, and effective for adults with Type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin. Participants will be randomly assigned to either twice-weekly D-STORM training plus their usual diabetes care, or usual care alone, for 12 weeks. The main outcome measured is change in HbA1c (a blood test reflecting average blood sugar over 3 months). Body composition, walking capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, and quality of life will also be measured.

Dementia is a growing health concern in Malaysia and places a heavy burden on family members who act as caregivers. Many caregivers struggle with limited knowledge, negative attitudes, and challenges in daily caregiving practices. These issues increase caregiver stress and reduce the quality of care for people living with dementia. The DemensiaKITA mobile health application was developed to support caregivers by providing educational content, self-help tools, and practical guidance. This study will evaluate whether using the DemensiaKITA app can improve caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and caregiving practices (KAP), as well as reduce caregiver burden. This is a non-randomized controlled trial involving dementia caregivers in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Participants in the intervention group will use the DemensiaKITA mobile app for a set period, while the control group will continue with usual support. Outcomes will be measured before and after the intervention using validated questionnaires. The results of this study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of a locally developed mobile health application in supporting dementia caregivers in Malaysia. If successful, this digital approach may be scaled up to improve caregiver support and dementia care in other settings.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if Perineural Injection Therapy (PIT) works to treat adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) in adults. It will also learn about the safety of PIT. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does PIT reduce shoulder pain and improve shoulder range of motion more effectively than conventional therapy alone? What side effects or medical problems do participants experience when receiving PIT? Researchers will compare PIT to conventional therapy to see if PIT works better to treat adhesive capsulitis. Participants will: Receive either: PIT once weekly for 6 weeks plus physiotherapy and oral analgesics (excluding NSAIDs), or Conventional therapy only (physiotherapy and analgesics including NSAIDs) Attend scheduled follow-up visits at Week 6, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment Perform daily home-based shoulder exercises and record their analgesic use and any side effects in a patient diary

The goal of this study is to evaluate whether an Augmented Reality-based ergonomic training module (ARPE) can improve ergonomic knowledge, self-prevention, and self-evaluation practices among adult manual material handling (MMH) workers in warehouses. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the ARPE training module improve workers' ergonomic knowledge? Does it enhance their ability to prevent and assess risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)? Researchers will compare an intervention group using the ARPE module with a control group receiving traditional training based on national ergonomic guidelines to see if the AR module leads to better outcomes. Participants will: Attend a briefing and use the ARPE training via the MAKAR XR app Complete self-assessment questionnaires at baseline, week 1, and week 6 Receive reminders and follow-ups through WhatsApp

The goal of this cluster randomized trial is to develop and test a new method for preparing indigenous (locally termed as Orang Asli) households in Selangor, a state in Malaysia, for outbreaks and Disease X, a potential unknown infectious threat. It aims to determine if the new method, a health education package comprised of workshops, simulation exercises, and card game play sessions, can enhance the readiness of these families for such outbreaks. The main questions it is looking to answer are: 1. Will the intervention package increase the level of preparedness for a Disease X and outbreaks among indigenous households in Selangor? 2. Will the intervention improve the awareness and attitudes of the indigenous people in Selangor towards outbreak preparedness? 3. Will it lead to more proactive preparedness actions by these households? To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention package, researchers will compare outcomes between two groups: the intervention group receiving both the intervention package and educational brochures on communicable disease prevention, and the control group receiving only the brochures. Participants will: 1. Participate in the activities in the newly developed intervention package, which would include workshops, simulation exercises, and card game play sessions. 2. Answer surveys four times: before, immediately after, 1 month after and 2 months after the intervention, to measure any changes in their preparedness levels for an outbreak.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent globally, affecting people of all ages(Wu et al., 2020). In China, LBP is a leading cause of disease burden(Wu et al., 2019). Exercise therapy such as core stability training(CST), Tai Chi(TC) and education are commonly recommended treatments, but research on optimal protocols has been limited. Blood flow restriction(BFR) is beneficial for inducing muscle hypertrophy and promoting muscle strength (Hughes et al., 2019). Combined approaches using multiple modalities may provide added benefits but are understudied. Research objectives: 1. To determine the effects of combined CST, BFR and Tai Chi on muscle physiology (muscle activation, muscle fatigue, back extensor strength, and transverses abdominus control) among working adults with LBP. 2. To determine the effects of combined CST+ BFR+Tai Chi on functional performance (gait speed, balance, proprioception, and postural sway) among working adults with LBP. 3. To determine the effects of combined CST+BFR+Tai Chi on pain intensity among working adults with LBP. 4. To determine the effects of combined CST+BFR+Tai Chi on fear among working adults with LBP. Location of research: Qianxinan Wutong Orthopedic Hospital, Guizhou Province, China Instrumentations: 1. Demographic Data 2. Surface Electromyography (S-EMG) 3. Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) 4. Back Extensor Strength Test (BEST) 5. Joint Repositioning Error(JRE) 6. APECS app 7. Y-Balance Test(YBT) 8.10-Meter Walk Test(10MWT) 9.Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 10.Chinese version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire(FABQ-CHI) Interventions: Group A: CST+BFR+Tai Chi+Education; Group B: CST+BFR+Education; Group C: Tai Chi +BFR+Education; Group D: CST+Education. Sample size: Considering 30% drop out. 52 participants. 13 participants in each group Statistical analysis: Data were processed using SPSS version 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010 software. 1. Demographic data = descriptive analytics. 2. All objectives = repeated measure ANCOVA (within-between interactions) for all variables. 3. The significant level is P \< 0.05.

To evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and post-intervention of oral health education using three interventions (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform) on the oral health status, knowledge, practices, and attitudes among secondary school students in Malaysia.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the effects of time-restricted eating in patients with history of acute coronary syndrome. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1) Is 10-hr TRE safe and feasible for patients with ACS; 2)What are the impacts of 10-hr TRE on anthropometric measurements, cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular health compared to ad libitum eating in patients with ACS?. Participants will be asked to limit eating duration to 10 hours daily.