Clinical trials

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, frequently resulting in impaired upper limb motor function and spasticity. Although Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) is effective in reducing focal spasticity, functional recovery of the upper limb often remains limited without intensive, task-specific rehabilitation. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), when synchronized with voluntary movement during Task-Oriented Training, may enhance motor recovery by facilitating muscle activation and neuroplasticity. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether FES combined with Task-Oriented Training is superior to conventional Task-Oriented Training alone in improving upper limb function in post-stroke patients treated with BoNT-A.

Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain (HSP) is a common and disabling complication after stroke, negatively affecting upper limb function, participation in rehabilitation, and quality of life. Despite the widespread use of conservative and physical therapies, evidence supporting the efficacy of specific non-invasive neuromodulation techniques remains limited. Focal Vibration Therapy (FVT) is a non-invasive physical modality that delivers localized mechanical vibration to targeted muscles or tendons and may modulate pain, muscle tone, and proprioception through frequency-dependent mechanisms. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a multimodal FVT protocol, in addition to standard rehabilitation, compared with a sham intervention plus standard rehabilitation, in reducing pain in patients with chronic post-stroke Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain.