Clinical trials

Brief Summary Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by active trigger points (TrPs), which are hypersensitive, painful nodules within taut bands of skeletal muscle. The upper trapezius muscle is one of the most frequently affected sites. Trigger point injection (TPI) is a widely used minimally invasive treatment for patients who are refractory to conservative management. Corticosteroids provide rapid anti-inflammatory effects, whereas platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has regenerative properties through growth factors that may support tissue healing. Despite their widespread use, the optimal injectate for TPI remains unclear. Additionally, the potential benefit of combining PRP with corticosteroids has not been adequately studied in upper trapezius MPS. This study is a single-center, prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded controlled trial designed to compare the clinical effectiveness of three injection protocols: (1) PRP plus bupivacaine, (2) PRP plus betamethasone plus bupivacaine, and (3) betamethasone plus bupivacaine with saline (volume-matched control). A total of 150 patients with a single active trigger point in the upper trapezius will be included. The primary outcome is pain intensity measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes include pressure pain threshold (PPT), cervical range of motion (ROM), rescue analgesic use, recurrence rate, and adverse events at 1 week, 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. All injections are performed by the same investigator using a palpation-guided technique, and outcome assessments are conducted by a blinded evaluator.

This is a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled educational trial comparing the effectiveness of PlayStation VR2-based immersive virtual reality (VR) anatomy teaching versus classical (lecture/atlas/3D-model) teaching for wrist anatomy among first-year medical students at Kyrenia University Dr. Suat Gunsel Hospital. Eighty healthy adult students will be randomized 1:1 into a VR Group (30-35-minute PSVR2 wrist anatomy module delivered on PlayStation 5) or a Classical Group (30-35-minute faculty-led standard anatomy education using lecture, atlas, and 3D anatomical models). The primary outcome is immediate post-test knowledge score (multiple-choice questions plus visual labeling; 0-30 scale). Secondary outcomes include a 2-4-week retention test, Likert-type learning satisfaction (15-75), cognitive load (0-10), and incidence and severity of VR-related side effects (dizziness, nausea, eye strain; 0-3 ordinal). Outcome assessors are blinded to allocation. The study aims to evaluate whether immersive VR is non-inferior or superior to classical teaching for initial acquisition and short-term retention of wrist anatomy knowledge, while characterizing tolerability of consumer-grade VR in an educational setting.