Translate and adapt the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (CTRS) into Urdu language and establishing the psychometric properties (reliability, validity, and norms) of the translated scale
Individuals aged 18 to 65 years At least 5 years of education Score of 8 or higher on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression or Anxiety scales as measured by their primary care clinician
Substance use disorder according to DSM-5 TR criteria Significant cognitive impairment (for example, profound learning disability or dementia) Active psychosis as determined by their primary care clinician