About this trial
The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and management approaches of cardiogenic shock throughout the years in adult patients admitted to a Cardiology Department. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* How have management strategies and clinical outcomes for cardiogenic shock evolved over time? * How do clinical, laboratory, and advanced hemodynamic monitoring parameters relate to patient survival and overall prognosis in this population?
Researchers will evaluate clinical data collected from 2017 onwards to see if therapeutic advancements and changes in clinical management over the years have led to improved patient survival and quality of care.
Participants will:
* Receive standard, routine medical care for cardiogenic shock as determined by their clinical team (no experimental interventions will be introduced). * Have their clinical, laboratory, and imaging data collected from hospital electronic records during their stay. * Be followed for up to 1 year after hospital admission to evaluate long-term survival and clinical outcomes.
Eligibility criteria
Qualifiers
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg for ≥30 minutes, or
Requirement for vasopressors, inotropes, or mechanical circulatory support to maintain SBP ≥90 mmHg
Serum lactate >2 mmol/L
Acute kidney injury and/or oliguria
Disqualifiers
Age < 18 years.
Other primary etiologies of shock at presentation (e.g., hypovolemic, hemorrhagic, septic, obstructive shock due to acute pulmonary embolism, or anaphylactic shock).
Refusal to participate in the study (applicable only to the prospective cohort).
Trial design
Treatments tested in this trial
- Not listed