This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of two core stability training strategies-abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre (ADIM) and Dynamic Neuromusculoskeletal Stabilization abdominal expansion (DNS-AE)-and two instructional approaches (verbal cueing and manual facilitation) on training outcomes in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain.
A 2×2 factorial randomized controlled trial design will be employed. Ninety-six participants with chronic non-specific low back pain will be randomly allocated, using block randomization, to one of four intervention groups in equal proportions. All groups will receive a 4-week intervention program, with training conducted twice per week.
Outcome measures will be assessed at four time points: before the intervention (baseline), immediately after the first training session, at the completion of the 4-week intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up, to evaluate short-term and mid-term effects as well as the sustainability of training outcomes.
Adults aged 18 years or older.
Clinically diagnosed with chronic non-specific low back pain, with symptoms persisting for more than 12 weeks.
Able to understand the study procedures and comply with the full intervention and assessment protocol.
History of surgery involving the lower back or lower extremities.
Presence of neurological symptoms, such as numbness or tingling sensations.
Signs or symptoms of nerve root compression.
History of any surgical procedure within the past 3 months.