Chronic Low Back Pain (Non-specific, Uncomplicated)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of collagen mesotherapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in the lumbosacral spine. Mesotherapy is expected to reduce pain in the lumbosacral region, decrease soft tissue tension (including muscles, fascia, and ligaments), improve spinal mobility, and support subsequent physiotherapy. A total of five treatment sessions will be performed at weekly intervals. During each session, approximately 20 intradermal microinjections will be administered into the paraspinal soft tissues of the lumbosacral region. Participants will receive injections of either type I tropocollagen, 1% lignocaine (lidocaine), or a combination of both, with a volume of 0.1 mL per injection.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the effectiveness of two treatments for adults with chronic low back pain. The main question this study seeks to answer is "In adults with chronic low back pain, what is the effectiveness of pain education and patient-led goal setting compared to guideline-based written advice on reducing pain intensity and disability?". A total of 392 participants will be randomised into two groups: 1) pain education and patient-led goal setting or 2) guideline-based written advice. Participants randomised to the pain education and patient-led goal setting group will receive 5 sessions of 45-60 min each over 8 weeks delivered online via telehealth. Participants randomised to written advice group will receive information developed for people with chronic low back pain. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and week 8, 26 and 52.

This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of two core stability training strategies-abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre (ADIM) and Dynamic Neuromusculoskeletal Stabilization abdominal expansion (DNS-AE)-and two instructional approaches (verbal cueing and manual facilitation) on training outcomes in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain. A 2×2 factorial randomized controlled trial design will be employed. Ninety-six participants with chronic non-specific low back pain will be randomly allocated, using block randomization, to one of four intervention groups in equal proportions. All groups will receive a 4-week intervention program, with training conducted twice per week. Outcome measures will be assessed at four time points: before the intervention (baseline), immediately after the first training session, at the completion of the 4-week intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up, to evaluate short-term and mid-term effects as well as the sustainability of training outcomes.

Chronic non-specific low back pain is commonly associated with impaired movement control. Movement control training is often used in rehabilitation, and different cueing methods may influence how patients perform and learn movements. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the immediate effects of manual cueing and verbal cueing during movement control training in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either manual cueing or verbal cueing during a standardized movement training session. The study will examine immediate changes in movement control performance, perceived difficulty, and related clinical outcomes following the intervention. The results of this study may help clinicians better understand how different cueing strategies influence movement performance in people with chronic non-specific low back pain.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether an additional telerehabilitation program, combined with conventional care, can improve functional recovery in adults with chronic low back pain treated in primary care clinics of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the telerehabilitation program lead to greater functional improvement, measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), compared with conventional care alone? * Does the program reduce pain intensity and improve adherence and satisfaction among participants? Researchers will compare patients receiving conventional care plus telerehabilitation with those receiving conventional care only to determine whether the digital intervention provides additional clinical benefits. Participants will: * Continue their usual medical care for chronic low back pain at IMSS clinics. * Follow a 6-week telerehabilitation program delivered through an online platform, including educational videos, stretching and strengthening exercises, and weekly virtual check-ins. * Complete baseline and post-intervention assessments of pain, disability, and satisfaction.