Ankle arthroscopy is increasingly performed as a day-case procedure, making rapid recovery and efficient discharge critical. Anesthetic technique substantially influences postoperative recovery, yet high-quality evidence comparing anesthetic strategies in ankle arthroscopy is limited.
This multicenter randomized trial compares total intravenous anesthesia with propofol plus peripheral nerve block (PNB), general anesthesia plus PNB, and spinal anesthesia, with PACU-I recovery time as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include postoperative pain, opioid consumption, hospital length of stay, adverse events, recovery quality, satisfaction, limb weakness, and intraoperative hemodynamics.
Full understanding of the study procedures and methods, with a signed written informed consent form.
Aged 18 to 65 years, of either sex.
Scheduled for elective unilateral minimally invasive ankle surgery.
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I or II.
Known hypersensitivity or allergy to any study medications or existing contraindications to anesthesia.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or unstable asthma.
History of difficult airway management, poorly controlled gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or a known risk of aspiration.
Anticipated surgical duration exceeding 3 hours.