Ankle Arthroscopy

Ankle arthroscopy is increasingly performed as a day-case procedure, making rapid recovery and efficient discharge critical. Anesthetic technique substantially influences postoperative recovery, yet high-quality evidence comparing anesthetic strategies in ankle arthroscopy is limited. This multicenter randomized trial compares total intravenous anesthesia with propofol plus peripheral nerve block (PNB), general anesthesia plus PNB, and spinal anesthesia, with PACU-I recovery time as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include postoperative pain, opioid consumption, hospital length of stay, adverse events, recovery quality, satisfaction, limb weakness, and intraoperative hemodynamics.

This multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial investigates the effect of dilute epinephrine irrigation versus tourniquet use on visual field clarity (VFC) during ankle arthroscopy. Patients are randomized into an epinephrine group (normal saline with 1 mL of 1:1000 epinephrine per 3 L bag; tourniquet placed but not inflated unless needed) or a standard tourniquet group. The primary outcome is arthroscopic visual field clarity assessed using a 4-point Likert-style numeric rating scale. Secondary outcomes include postoperative pain intensity at 2 and 24 hours (VAS), and the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiovascular adverse events.