Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI for chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) is reported to improve the outcomes compared with angiography-guided PCI. However, cardiac-events still occur in FFR-deferral patients in long-term follow-up. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA)-defined high-risk-plaque (HRP) is known to relate future cardiac events. The investigators hypothesized that CTA might identify plaque features linked to future cardiac events in deferral patients.
men and women aged ≥20 years,
patients having chronic coronary syndromes (CCS,
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed within 90 days before invasive coronary angiography (ICA) with fractional flow reserve (FFR) pressure measurement.
patients with a history of coronary bypass grafting (CABG) because CABG changed local coronary flow dynamics,
patients with left-main disease,
patients with fractional flow reserve (FFR) in stented vessels due to inability to estimate plaque morphology in the stented lesion by coronary computed tomography angiography.