This clinical study aims to examine how acidic drinks (lemon juice and apple cider vinegar) affect blood sugar when consumed with a starchy food. The study focuses on healthy individuals and aims to understand whether these drinks can slow the rise in blood sugar after meals and affect feelings of fullness.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Do lemon juice or apple cider vinegar lower the rise in blood sugar after a meal? Do these drinks increase feelings of fullness? Do different amounts change their effects?
Researchers will compare lemon juice and apple cider vinegar to see which one is more effective.
Participants will:
Consume white bread in the morning on an empty stomach with one of the following drinks:
Water only Water with lemon juice (50 g or 100 g) Water with apple cider vinegar (10 g or 20 g) Have a one-week break between each test. Have their blood sugar measured at regular intervals for 3 hours after eating. Report their level of fullness using a simple scale.
This study explores whether simple and practical dietary choices can help manage blood sugar levels. The findings may support new, easy-to-apply nutrition strategies for managing diabetes and weight.
Healthy male and female volunteers aged 18-35 years
Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 25.0 kg/m²
Willingness to provide written informed consent
Ability to comply with study procedures and fasting requirements
Presence of any chronic disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders)
Food allergies or intolerances to study foods (white bread, lemon juice, apple cider vinegar)
BMI <18.5 or >25.0 kg/m²
Regular participation in high-intensity physical activity (≥5 days/week)