Effect of Motor Imagery Ability on Functionality and Proprioception in Amputees Using Myoelectric Prostheses"

Movement Imagination Questionnaire-3

In order to determine the imagery ability of all individuals included in the amputee and control groups, the "Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3" developed and validated and validated in Turkish will be used (internal consistency coefficient: 0.87). With the 12 items in this questionnaire, internal visual imagery, external visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery abilities will be assessed through four actions each. The actions will be actively performed by the individuals at the beginning. Then, they were asked to perform these actions as mental tasks. These mental tasks were scored using a seven-point Likert scale (1: very difficult to see, feel; 7: very easy to see, feel). In the calculation of the score, the average score of the four relevant actions will be taken for each of the three sub-dimensions.

Orientate Mobile Application

It is used for the purpose of evaluating mental rotation. It is based on the principle of showing individuals hand images from different angles with the application. There are a total of 25 hand images for the test. Participants will be asked to sit comfortably in a chair in front of a table and the mobile application will be opened and the test will be applied. Participants will be asked to decide which of the images is the right and which is the left hand photo as soon as possible. At the end of the test, the application will show the number of correct answers, the number of incorrect answers, the number of missed answers and the time to complete the test. The accuracy rates will also be recorded by comparing the number of correct answers to the total number of images.

Box and Block Test

The box and block test is a method used to evaluate gross motor skills and measure functionality. For the test, 150 blocks with dimensions of 2.5 cm and a box divided into two compartments are used. Participants will be asked to take the blocks one by one from the box consisting of two compartments on a table and see how many blocks they can put into the empty compartment placed in the other compartment in 60 seconds, and the results will be noted. In order for the evaluation to be accurate, the process will be repeated three times and the average of the recorded evaluation will be taken.

Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTEFT)

It is a performance-based test developed in 1969 that includes movements in daily life activities. It includes different types of grip and evaluates the speed of individuals in these tasks. The materials for the test are standardized and can be easily accessed in the clinic. Participants will be asked to do 7 different tasks in the test content. These tasks are writing, turning cards, picking up objects, eating, stacking checkers, picking up light wide objects and picking up heavy wide objects. Participants will be asked to do each task separately with both hands. The test score will be calculated by recording the time it takes for participants to complete the tasks.

Modified Functional Reach Test (MFUT)

It is a test developed to evaluate the dynamic balance and functionality of the trunk. The distance the trunk can extend forward and sideways without losing balance in a sitting position is measured. The participants will be measured next to a wall with participants ankles, knees, and hips at 90° flexion and participants feet in full contact with the ground. In the relevant position, the arm will be extended parallel to the wall, then extended forward and sideways, and the distance in between will be recorded in cm with the help of a tape measure.

Beck Depression Inventory

It is a special test designed to protect the level of the person and is available internationally. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the operation was carried out in 1988. The test consists of twenty-one items. Each maddening has 4 options as 0, 1, 2, 3. Participants are allowed to accumulate one point for all items. The total maximum score is 63. It is stated that the increase in the total score is heavy. While the score between 0-9 points is normal, 10-16 points are resistant to light violence, 17-29 points are resistant to moderate violence and 30-63 points are resistant to severe violence. People who earn a maximum of 15 points are included in investigators study.

Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT)

It is an assessment scale used to obtain information about the individual's individual functioning status. It was first published in 1997. It consists of thirty questions calculated out of 30 points. It is a test that evaluates cognitive status by measuring cognitive functions such as attention-gathering ability, recall, orientation, calculation, speaking, comprehension, reading, writing, memory, and drawing skills. SMMT will be added to the assessment process as an inclusion criterion, not as an outcome measure in investigators study. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale in total is 30 points. People with a score of 26 and above are considered to have normal cognitive levels.